Questions and Answers
What is the definition of energy in physics?
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
KE = 1/2 mv^2
Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects in motion stay at rest.
False
The energy of position or stored energy is also known as ___________ energy.
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Which type of wave requires a medium?
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The flow of electrons is defined as electric voltage.
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What is the formula for electric current?
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The total ___________ always increases over time according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
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Match the following laws of motion with their descriptions:
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What is the unit of temperature?
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Study Notes
Physics
Fundamentals
- Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space
- Energy: Ability to do work or cause change
- Space: Three-dimensional expanse that contains all matter and radiation
- Time: Measure of duration, sequence of events
Laws of Motion
- Newton's First Law (Inertia): Objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion, unless acted upon by an external force
- Newton's Second Law (Force and Acceleration): Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)
- Newton's Third Law (Action and Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Energy and Work
- Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion (KE = 1/2 mv^2)
- Potential Energy: Energy of position or stored energy (PE = mgh)
- Work: Transfer of energy from one object to another (W = F x d)
Waves and Vibrations
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Types of Waves:
- Mechanical waves (require medium): water, sound
- Electromagnetic waves (no medium): light, radio, X-rays
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Wave Properties:
- Amplitude (A): maximum displacement from equilibrium
- Frequency (f): number of oscillations per second
- Wavelength (λ): distance between successive oscillations
- Speed (v): distance traveled per second (v = λf)
Electricity and Magnetism
- Electric Charge: Positive (+) or negative (-) property of matter
- Electric Field: Region around charged particle where force can be detected
- Magnetic Field: Region around current-carrying wire where force can be detected
- Electric Current: Flow of electrons (I = ΔQ / Δt)
Thermodynamics
- Temperature: Measure of average kinetic energy of particles (°C or K)
- Heat: Transfer of energy from one object to another due to temperature difference
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Laws of Thermodynamics:
- Zeroth Law: If A = B and B = C, then A = C (temperature equilibrium)
- First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted (ΔE = Q - W)
- Second Law: Total entropy (disorder) always increases over time (ΔS = ΔQ / T)
Physics Fundamentals
- Matter is anything with mass that occupies space
- Energy is the ability to do work or cause change
- Space is a 3D expanse containing all matter and radiation
- Time is a measure of duration and sequence of events
Laws of Motion
- Newton's First Law states that objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion stay in motion, unless acted upon by an external force
- Newton's Second Law relates force and acceleration: F = ma
- Newton's Third Law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Energy and Work
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, calculated as KE = 1/2 mv^2
- Potential energy is the energy of position or stored energy, calculated as PE = mgh
- Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another, calculated as W = F x d
Waves and Vibrations
- Mechanical waves require a medium and include water and sound waves
- Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and include light, radio, and X-rays
- Wave properties include:
- Amplitude (A): maximum displacement from equilibrium
- Frequency (f): number of oscillations per second
- Wavelength (λ): distance between successive oscillations
- Speed (v): distance traveled per second, calculated as v = λf
Electricity and Magnetism
- Electric charge is a positive or negative property of matter
- Electric fields are regions around charged particles where force can be detected
- Magnetic fields are regions around current-carrying wires where force can be detected
- Electric current is the flow of electrons, calculated as I = ΔQ / Δt
Thermodynamics
- Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of particles in °C or K
- Heat is the transfer of energy between objects due to temperature differences
- Laws of Thermodynamics include:
- Zeroth Law: temperature equilibrium
- First Law: energy conservation, ΔE = Q - W
- Second Law: total entropy always increases over time, ΔS = ΔQ / T
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Test your knowledge of the basics of physics, including matter, energy, space, and time, as well as Newton's laws of motion.
