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Questions and Answers
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
A stream of photons moving in a wavelike pattern, carries energy and spreads out.
What is wave-particle duality?
What is wave-particle duality?
It refers to the concept that light may behave like a wave or a particle.
What are photons?
What are photons?
Tiny packets of energy.
What is a cycle in terms of waves?
What is a cycle in terms of waves?
How is frequency defined?
How is frequency defined?
What unit measures frequency?
What unit measures frequency?
Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency.
Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency.
What happens to frequency when the wavelength increases?
What happens to frequency when the wavelength increases?
Which type of rays have the highest energy?
Which type of rays have the highest energy?
Which type of rays have the lowest energy?
Which type of rays have the lowest energy?
What are electromagnetic waves composed of?
What are electromagnetic waves composed of?
What produces electric fields?
What produces electric fields?
What produces magnetic fields?
What produces magnetic fields?
Who proposed the idea that a changing electric field produces a magnetic field?
Who proposed the idea that a changing electric field produces a magnetic field?
Who were credited with the development of applications in communication?
Who were credited with the development of applications in communication?
What did the theory of electromagnetism lead to?
What did the theory of electromagnetism lead to?
Who discovered radio waves and when?
Who discovered radio waves and when?
How are radio waves usually described?
How are radio waves usually described?
What is the wavelength range of radio waves?
What is the wavelength range of radio waves?
What is the order of increasing energy of the electromagnetic spectrum?
What is the order of increasing energy of the electromagnetic spectrum?
What does ultraviolet mean?
What does ultraviolet mean?
Who discovered ultraviolet light?
Who discovered ultraviolet light?
What does white light contain?
What does white light contain?
What is black in terms of light?
What is black in terms of light?
What specifies the range of visible light?
What specifies the range of visible light?
What is the wavelength range of near infrared?
What is the wavelength range of near infrared?
What is the wavelength range of middle infrared?
What is the wavelength range of middle infrared?
What is the wavelength range of far infrared?
What is the wavelength range of far infrared?
What does infrared radiation mean?
What does infrared radiation mean?
Who discovered infrared radiation?
Who discovered infrared radiation?
What is radio detection and ranging used for?
What is radio detection and ranging used for?
Where do microwaves lie in relation to radio waves and infrared waves?
Where do microwaves lie in relation to radio waves and infrared waves?
What three properties describe the electromagnetic spectrum?
What three properties describe the electromagnetic spectrum?
What produces gamma rays?
What produces gamma rays?
Who coined the term 'gamma ray'?
Who coined the term 'gamma ray'?
Who discovered gamma rays in 1900?
Who discovered gamma rays in 1900?
Why was x-ray named as such?
Why was x-ray named as such?
Who accidentally discovered x-rays?
Who accidentally discovered x-rays?
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Study Notes
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Represents a stream of photons moving in a wavelike pattern, carrying energy.
- Characterized by various wave types, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Wave-Particle Duality
- Refers to the concept that particles like photons can exhibit properties of both waves and particles.
Photons
- Fundamental particles that carry electromagnetic radiation, consisting of tiny packets of energy.
Wave Cycle
- The complete pattern of a wave before it repeats is known as a cycle.
Frequency
- Defined as the number of cycles a wave repeats in one second, measured in hertz (Hz).
Wavelength
- Inversely proportional to frequency; as wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
Energy Levels of Waves
- Gamma rays possess the highest energy and are considered the most dangerous.
- Radio waves have the lowest energy and are the least hazardous.
Electromagnetic Waves
- Composed of transverse waves made up of electric and magnetic fields.
- Electric fields are created by charged particles, while magnetic fields stem from moving electric charges.
Key Figures in Electromagnetism
- James Clerk Maxwell established the theory of electromagnetism, leading to the formulation of Maxwell's equations.
- Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves in 1886.
- Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi contributed significantly to developments in communication technology.
Types of Electromagnetic Radiation
- Radio waves: Longest wavelength (1 mm to 100 km) and described by either wavelength or frequency.
- Microwaves: Shorter wavelengths than radio waves, lying between radio and infrared waves.
- Infrared radiation: Wavelengths from 0.78 to about 1000 micrometers, categorized as near, middle, and far infrared.
Visible Light
- A narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum detected by the human eye, representing a combination of all colors.
- Black is the complete absence of light.
Ultraviolet Radiation
- Discovered by Johann William Ritter, it consists of three types:
- UV-A rays: Contribute to skin aging and wrinkling.
- UV-B rays: More harmful, associated with skin cancer and sunburn.
- UV-C rays: The most hazardous form of ultraviolet radiation.
Discovery Timeline
- Infrared radiation was discovered by Sir Frederick William Herschel in 1800.
- X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen during studies on cathode rays.
Applications of Electromagnetic Waves
- Radio detection and ranging (RADAR) utilizes microwaves to ascertain distances of various objects.
- The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the relationship between energy, wavelength, and frequency.
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