Physics - Conservation of Energy
41 Questions
6 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which energy transfer method does not involve the movement of matter?

  • By electricity
  • By light and sound (correct)
  • By forces
  • By heating

Efficiency is defined as a measure of how well a machine converts energy into waste forms.

False (B)

What is the formula used to calculate efficiency?

Useful output / Total energy input

The _____ energy type is associated with the position of an object in a gravitational field.

<p>GPE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scenarios with the correct energy transfer:

<p>A pot on a stove = by heating An electric blanket = by electricity A pushed swing = by forces A solar panel = by light or sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thermal conductivity?

<p>A number which tells you how well something transfers energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conduction?

<p>Vibrating particles in a solid pass the energy through the neighbouring particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is convection?

<p>Warm fluid (gas or liquid) rises above colder fluid. The hot fluid moves somewhere else, taking the thermal energy with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is radiation?

<p>Thermal energy is transferred by infrared light. It is the only method that works in a vacuum (e.g. space).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following heat transfer methods with their definitions:

<p>Convection = Warm fluid (gas or liquid) rises above colder fluid. The hot fluid moves somewhere else, taking the thermal energy with it. Thermal Conductivity = A number which tells you how well something transfers energy. Conduction = Vibrating particles in a solid pass the energy through the neighbouring particles. Radiation = Thermal energy is transferred by infrared light. It is the only method that works in a vacuum (e.g. space).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of heat transfer that can occur in a vacuum?

<p>Radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) increases as height decreases.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula represents the calculation of Kinetic Energy (KE)?

<p>KE = 0.5 * m * v^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The change in Gravitational Potential Energy is calculated using the formula ΔGPE = m × g × Δh, where g is the _____ field strength.

<p>gravitational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of energy resources with their descriptions:

<p>Non-Renewable = Once used they cannot be used again - will eventually run out Energy Resource = Source of usable power Sustainable = Can be used indefinitely without depletion Renewable = Can be replaced or regenerated - will never run out</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fossil fuels primarily formed from?

<p>Ancient plants and algae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fossil fuels emit only carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process by which fossil fuels are formed.

<p>Fossil fuels are formed when ancient algae and plants die, sink to the seabed, and their organic material is transformed under high pressure and temperature over millions of years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fossil fuels contribute to _____ and acid rain.

<p>smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the effects of fossil fuels with their descriptions:

<p>Greenhouse gases = Cause health problems and environmental issues Sulfur dioxide = Contributes to acid rain Ash = Disposed off in landfills Nitric acid = Contributes to smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fossil fuel?

<p>A term used to describe a group of energy sources formed from ancient plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main processes used to generate electricity from fossil fuels?

<p>Burn fossil fuel to heat water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear power is considered renewable energy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is a risk associated with nuclear power generation.

<p>Radioactive waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following impacts of the BP Oil Spill with their descriptions:

<p>Local wildlife = Thousands of marine life killed Ecosystems = Destruction of Louisiana's marshes/wetlands Tourism = Decreased due to affected beaches Fishermen = Loss of wages from closed water areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pros and cons of energy sources:

<p>Pro of Fossil Fuels = Lots of energy Con of Fossil Fuels = Non-renewable Pro of Nuclear Fission = No greenhouse effect Con of Nuclear Fission = Expensive to build</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding pros and cons:

<p>Pro of Fossil Fuels = Easy to transport Con of Fossil Fuels = Greenhouse effect Pro of Nuclear Fission = Huge amounts of energy Con of Nuclear Fission = Risk of disaster/very dangerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pros and cons of energy sources:

<p>Pro of Fossil Fuels = Short start up times Con of Fossil Fuels = Mining coal is dangerous Pro of Nuclear Fission = Cheaper to run once built Con of Nuclear Fission = Produces radioactive waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fill in the blanks of the process of burning fossil fuels to make electricity:

  1. Burning fossil fuels 2. ___ ____ _ __ ___ 3. Steam turns turbine 4. ___ ___ _____ 5. Electricity Produced

<p>Heat water to make steam; Turbine turns generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fill in the blanks of the process of nuclear fission to make electricity:

  1. Nuclear Fission 2. __ ____ __ ____ ___ 3. ___ __ ____ 4. Turbine turns generator 5. ____ ____

<ol start="2"> <li>This generates heat producing steam</li> <li>Steam turns turbine</li> <li>Electricity produced</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy resource uses the gravitational potential energy of water stored in reservoirs?

<p>Hydroelectric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solar energy can use photovoltaic cells to convert light into electricity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of energy production for tidal energy?

<p>Using a dam to trap seawater and releasing it through a turbine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wind turbines convert _______ energy into electricity.

<p>kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy resources with their descriptions:

<p>Geothermal = Heat from underground creating steam Fossil fuels = Burning produces steam to turn turbines Water waves = Kinetic energy from ocean waves Nuclear = Reacts fuel to produce heat for steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following energy resources is renewable?

<p>Wind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear energy produces greenhouse gases during its energy production process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major disadvantage of bio-fuels?

<p>They can take up a lot of land and consume resources needed for food production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The energy produced by ____ is very predictable and occurs at regular intervals.

<p>tidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy resources with their primary disadvantages:

<p>Wind = Not reliable and can be noisy Geothermal = Can release harmful gases from underground Solar = Not reliable, only works when sunny Hydroelectric = Can flood large areas and destroy wildlife habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy resources with their primary advantages:

<p>Wind = Renewable and can be used on farm land Solar = Good for producing energy in remote places while being renewable Tidal = Tides are predictable and produces a lot of energy regulary Hydroelectric = Can produce large amounts of energy at short notice and renewable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Efficiency

A measure of how effectively a machine or process converts energy into useful forms.

Conduction

The transfer of energy through direct contact between particles.

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules.

Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

The energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thermal Conductivity

The transfer of energy by the movement of particles that carry energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Radiation

Thermal energy transferred by infrared light; it works in a vacuum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kinetic Energy (KE)

Energy of motion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Renewable Energy Resources

Energy sources that can be replenished naturally over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-Renewable Energy Resources

Energy sources that are finite and will eventually run out.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient organisms, primarily algae and plants, buried under high pressure and temperature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a major environmental consequence of burning fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide when burned, contributing to climate change and its effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Besides greenhouse gases, what other pollutants do fossil fuels release?

Fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide and nitric acid into the atmosphere, leading to smog and acid rain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable energy sources?

Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources, meaning they are finite and will eventually run out.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why are fossil fuels important?

Fossil fuels are a major source of energy for various activities like transportation, electricity generation, and industrial processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does nuclear power work?

Nuclear fission is the process where an atom's nucleus splits, releasing a tremendous amount of energy used to heat water and generate steam, which then drives turbines to produce electricity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What were the impacts of the BP Oil Spill?

The BP Oil Spill had devastating impacts on marine life, Louisiana's coastal ecosystems, tourism, and fishing industries, causing substantial economic losses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is nuclear power considered safer than fossil fuels?

Nuclear power can be safer than fossil fuels due to its lack of greenhouse gas emissions, but it poses risks of radioactive waste disposal and potential disasters.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are biofuels?

Biofuels are created from plant matter, ethanol or methane, which can be used as a fuel in place of fossil fuels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do wind turbines generate electricity?

Wind turbines use the kinetic energy from wind to turn blades, which generates electricity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Renewable Energy

Energy sources that can be replenished naturally over time, like solar, wind, and hydro.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-Renewable Energy

Energy sources that are finite and will eventually run out, like coal, oil, and natural gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nuclear Fission

The process where an atom's nucleus splits, releasing huge amounts of energy used to generate power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydroelectric Power

A type of renewable energy using the movement of water to generate electricity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wind Power

A type of renewable energy harnessing the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is efficiency?

The ratio of useful output energy to total input energy, expressed as a percentage. It indicates how efficiently a device or process converts energy into a desired form.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is specific heat capacity?

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is specific latent heat?

The amount of heat energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without a change in temperature. It is the energy required to melt or evaporate the substance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Revision Topics

  • Energy Stores and Transfers: Calculating efficiency involves using Sankey diagrams.
  • Thermal Conductivity: A number which indicates how well something transfers energy.
  • Potential and Kinetic Energy (GPE and KE): Calculations for GPE and KE are important.
  • Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources: Understanding the differences is key.
  • Convection: Warm fluid (gas or liquid) rises above cooler fluid. The hot fluid moves somewhere else, taking the thermal energy with it.
  • Radiation: Thermal energy is transferred by infrared light. It is the only method that works in a vacuum (e.g., space).

Energy Types

  • Very Kind - Vibrational Energy
  • Kinetic Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Thermal Energy
  • Elastic Potential Energy (EPE)
  • Chemical Energy
  • Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

Efficiency

  • Definition: A measure of how well a machine or process converts energy into useful forms.
  • Calculation: Efficiency = (Useful output / Total energy input)

Thermal Conductivity (Further Detail)

  • Mechanism: Conduction in a solid involves vibrating particles passing energy to neighboring particles.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on energy stores, transfers, and efficiency calculations in this physics quiz. Explore topics such as thermal conductivity, potential and kinetic energy and the differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Perfect for revision and understanding fundamental concepts in physics.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser