Physics: Electric Fields and Magnetism

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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental unit of electric charge measurement?

  • Coulomb (correct)
  • Volt
  • Ampere
  • Ohm

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

  • Neutron
  • Photon
  • Proton (correct)
  • Electron

What is the net charge of a neutron?

  • Variable
  • Positive
  • Negative
  • Neutral (correct)

Which statement accurately describes the interaction between like charges?

<p>They repel each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined charge of a proton that consists of two up quarks (each with a charge of +2/3 e) and one down quark (with a charge of -â…“ e)?

<p>$+1 e$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle explains why a charged balloon sticks to a wall?

<p>Conservation of electric charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of material allows electric charges to flow freely?

<p>Conductor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material primarily resists the flow of electric charges?

<p>Insulator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a semiconductor?

<p>Material with conductivity between conductors and insulators. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the forbidden gap in conductors?

<p>Non-existent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Coulomb's Law, how does the electrostatic force between two charges change with the distance between them?

<p>Inversely proportional to the square (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the distance between two charges is doubled, what happens to the electrostatic force between them?

<p>It reduces to one-fourth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between gravitational force and Coulomb's force?

<p>Coulomb's force can repel, while gravitational force only attracts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electric field created by a positive charge:

<p>Points away from the charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for electric field strength?

<p>Volts per meter (V/m) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about electric field lines is incorrect?

<p>They always form closed loops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric potential is defined as:

<p>Energy per unit charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of electric potential?

<p>Volt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes electrodynamics?

<p>The study of moving electric charges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What relationship is defined by Ohm's Law?

<p>Voltage, current, and resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct mathematical expression of Ohm's Law?

<p>$V = IR$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in volts?

<p>Voltage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What quantity is measured in ohms?

<p>Resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for electric current?

<p>Ampere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the resistance of a wire?

<p>Charge density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the temperature of a conductor typically affect its resistance?

<p>Increases resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a series circuit, what remains the same for all components?

<p>Current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a parallel circuit, what quantity is the same across all components?

<p>Voltage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If one bulb burns out in a series circuit with multiple bulbs, what happens to the other bulbs?

<p>The other bulbs go out. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of connecting lights in parallel rather than in series?

<p>If one light fails, the others continue to operate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a capacitor?

<p>To store electric energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit is used to measure capacitance?

<p>Farad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the area of the plates in a parallel plate capacitor affect the capacitance?

<p>Increases capacitance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does decreasing the distance between the plates of a capacitor affect the capacitance?

<p>Increases capacitance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes a 'permanent magnet'?

<p>Consists of hard magnetic materials that retain magnetic properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when two north poles of different magnets are brought close to each other?

<p>They repel each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a magnetic field?

<p>A region of space around a magnet or moving electric charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the path of magnetic force?

<p>Magnetic flux lines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the magnitude of the magnetic force on a moving, charged particle?

<p>Lorentz force law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of magnetic field strength?

<p>Tesla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Faraday's Law, what induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a wire?

<p>A changing magnetic field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lenz's Law, the direction of induced current in a circuit is such that it:

<p>Opposes the change which produced it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within electrostatics, which statement is accurate regarding electric charge?

<p>It is conserved and quantized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes conductors from insulators at the atomic level?

<p>Conductors have more electrons free to move about the material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of insulators?

<p>They resist the flow of electric charges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes semiconductors from conductors and insulators?

<p>Semiconductors' resistivity falls between that of conductors and insulators. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct about the forbidden gap in semiconductors?

<p>It is very small. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two point charges, +30 nC and -40 nC,are separated by a distance of 4.0 cm. Find the magnitude of the force that the first point charge exerts on the second point charge.

<p>6.75 x 10^-4 N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily creates an electric field?

<p>Electric charges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior of the electric field lines around a negative charge?

<p>They terminate on the negative charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a uniform electric field of 15 N/C is directed downward, what force will be experienced by a charge of +4C placed within it?

<p>60 N downward. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $30 J$ of work is required to move a charge of $1.5 C$ from infinity to point A, what is the electric potential at point A?

<p>20 V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) according to Ohm's Law?

<p>$V = IR$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Ohm's Law, what does "volts" measure?

<p>Electric potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Ohm's Law, what does "amperes" measure?

<p>Electric current (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electrician receives a mild shock when repairing an electric bulb socket when $0.005 A$ pass through him. The voltage is $220V$ in each situation, the resistance of the electrician can be described as:

<p>R = 44,000 ohms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cat has a voltage of 30V and a resistance of 50 ohms, the current passing through the cat can be descried as:

<p>I = 0.60 Amperes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A voltmeter indicates a reading of 12.0V and the ammeter reads 5A, what is the resistance across the rheostat?

<p>$R = 2.40$ ohms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ammeter reading if the resistance tripled?

<p>The ammeter reading is reduced to 1/3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A truck battery uses 50A for 30s to start the engine, how much charge (number of electrons) passed during this time interval?

<p>1.88 x $10^{22}$ electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A steady current of 2.5A exists in a wire for 4.0min., how much total charge passed by a given point in the circuit during those 4.0min?

<p>$Q = 600$ Coulombs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A steady current of 2.5A exists in a wire for 4.0min., how many electrons passed by a given point in the circuit during those 4.0min?

<p>3.75 x $10^{22}$ electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrical resistance in most conductors as temperature increases?

<p>Resistance increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wire is 100cm and has a resistance of 25 ohm. The wire is cut into 4 equal parts, what is the resistance of each piece of wire?

<p>R = 6.25 ohms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you want to connect your stereo to remote speakers. Each wire must be 20m with a diameter copper wire, what diameter should you use to keep the resistance less than 0.10 Ohms per wire?

<p>at least 2.10 mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you want to connect your stereo to remote speakers. The current to each speaker is 4.0A. What is the potential difference (voltage drop) in each wire?

<p>V = 0.40 Volts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much is the resistance with the power of 200-W, if the current is 50A?

<p>$R = 0.08$ ohms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 24$\Omega$ device dissipates 50Vs of power. What is the needed current?

<p>24 Ohms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between series and parallel circuits regarding current?

<p>Current is the same through each component in a series circuit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between series and parallel circuits regarding voltage?

<p>Voltage is constant across all components in a parallel circuit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most homes are wired using which type of circuit?

<p>Parallel circuits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A series circuit has 10 lights, in which R1 = 10 ohms while the rest is 20 ohms each. They system has 100V, what is the current?

<p>I = 0.38 A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A series circuit has 12 ohm, 8 ohm,25 ohm, 18 ohm and it powered by a 75V. Find the total current of a series.

<p>I = 1.19 Amperes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A series circuit has 12 ohm, 8 ohm, 25 ohm, 18 ohm and it powered by a 75V. The total voltage across the 8 ohm can be descried as 9.52

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes capacitance?

<p>The ability to store electric charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect parallel capacitors?

<p>Area of plates, distance between the plates, insulating material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacitance if the plate separation for a capacitor is 2.0x, and the area of the plates if the capacitance is exactly 1 F?

<p>A = 2.3x (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the amount of charge stored on either plate of a capacitor (4x) when connected across a 12 volt battery.

<p>48.0x (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a permanent magnet?

<p>A magnet made from hard magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a Electromagnets?

<p>made by wrapping a coil of wire around a magnetic core and passing an electric current through the coil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Insanely Difficult) If a magnetic monopole could be isolated, how would Gauss's law for magnetism change?

<p>Surface integral of the magnetic field over any closed surface will no longer be zero. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents a magnetic field?

<p>Lines of magnetic flux. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Coil of wire is situated in a 0.5T uniform magnetic find what is the magnetic find if the area of the coil is 2.0m2? If 60 After 5s, the magnetic field is now parallel to the normal to the surface?

<p>= 0 Wb. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

**Insanely Difficult:**A magnetic field of $2.5 T$ passes perpendicular to a disc with an area of a square $2x2$. Now increase the field uniformly to $7.5 T$ in $1$ second. Assuming $pi=3$, what is the approximate current magnitude induced if this disc also happens to be a one-turn loop and its wire has a resistance of $10\Omega$?

<p>$i approx 6 A$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A straight wire of length 0.5 m carries a current of 2 A in the positive x-direction. If it is placed in a magnetic field of 0.3 T in the positive y-direction, what is the magnitude of the force on the wire if $sin 90 = 1$?

<p>F = 0.3 N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have a proton that has a charge of ($ 1.602 X 10^{-19}$)

<p>E = -N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best summarizes Faraday's Law?

<p>A changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a transformer used for?

<p>Increase or decrease the voltage level of an AC power source. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary criterion for classifying magnets?

<p>Composition, strength and behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material is commonly used in the creation of permanent magnets?

<p>Iron, nickel and cobalt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the magnetism of temporary magnets when the magnetizing force is removed?

<p>It is lost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How may the strength of an electromagnet be controlled?

<p>By varying the electric current through the coil. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior when two like poles (e.g., two north poles) of a magnet are brought together?

<p>They repel each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the lines representing the strength and direction of a magnetic field?

<p>Magnetic flux. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of magnetic fields, what does 'magnetic flux' specifically indicate?

<p>The path of magnetic force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors determine the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on a moving, charged particle?

<p>Charge, magnetic field strength, and particle velocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the angle between a wire and a magnetic field is 0 degrees, what is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire?

<p>Minimum, close to zero. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit measures magnetic field strength?

<p>Tesla. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Faraday's Law, which action induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a wire?

<p>A changing magnetic field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lenz's Law, what characteristic defines the direction of induced current in a circuit?

<p>It opposes the external magnetic field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the study of electric charges at rest?

<p>Electrostatics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atomic characteristic differentiates conductors from insulators?

<p>Conductors have freely moving electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of insulators regarding electric charge?

<p>They strongly resist the flow of electric charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes semiconductors from conductors and insulators in terms of electrical conductivity?

<p>Semiconductors have conductivity between that of conductors and insulators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the 'forbidden gap' in semiconductors?

<p>A range of energy levels where electrons cannot exist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the movement of electrons when you charge something by any method?

<p>Electrons move from one atom to another. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the forbidden gap?

<p>Insulators have a large forbidden gap. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is needed for insulators so electrons can move from the valence band to the conduction band?

<p>A large amount of energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If electric fields are the creation of electric charges. Which statement is correct for the direction?

<p>Electric Fields always point to the negative point and away from the positive charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the total current be for the circuit below (R1 = 2Ω, R2 = 3Ω, R3 = 4Ω)?

<p>Information is missing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does adding more devices (resistors) affect the current in parallel circuits, assuming constant voltage?

<p>Total current increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering household electrical wiring, what is the primary reason for using parallel circuits instead of series circuits?

<p>To prevent all devices from turning off when one fails. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit if the applied voltage is doubled?

<p>It doubles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If three resistors with resistances R1 = 10Ω, R2 = 20Ω, and R3 = 30Ω are connected in series to a 12V battery, what is the current flowing through the circuit?

<p>0.2 A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a series circuit with a 7V power supply and three resistors of 100Ω, 400Ω, and 200Ω, what is the current?

<p>0.01A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the overall capacitance when capacitors are connected in series?

<p>The total capacitance decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For parallel capacitors, what increases the capacitance?

<p>Area of the plates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the plate separation for a capacitor is doubled (2.0x), what is the necessary area for the plates if the capacitance is exactly 1 F?

<p>A = 2.3x (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When connecting a capacitor across a battery, what determines the amount of charge stored on either plate?

<p>Capacitance and the battery's voltage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of current is characterized by electrons moving back and forth with a changing magnetic field?

<p>Alternating Current (AC). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a transformer in electrical power systems?

<p>To increase or decrease voltage levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A device has a length with the power of 200-W, what is the resistance (R) if the current (I) is 50A?

<p>0.08 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much current is needed in the device (R= 24 Ω) with the power of 50V (P=50V)?

<p>1.44A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wire is 100cm and has a resistance of 25 ohm when it is fully attached. The wire is cut into 4 equal parts, what is the resistance of each piece of wire?

<p>6.25 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a truck battery that uses 50A for 30s to start the engine, how many electrons pass during this time interval? The number of electrons can be described as:

<p>$9.375 \times 10^{20}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is steady current with 2.5A in a wire for 4.0min. How much total charge passed by a given point in the circuit during those 4.0min?

<p>600C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is steady current with 2.5A in a wire for 4.0min. How many electrons passed by a given point in the circuit during those 4.0min?

<p>$2.38 \times 10^{22}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a conducting wire as the temperature goes up?

<p>Resistance goes up. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student is working on the following circuit: Combination: Parallel - Series, and needs to find total resistance. What is the correct answer based on the provided image?

<p>275.30 Ω (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insanely Difficult: A series circuit has 10 lights, where R1 = 10 ohms while the rest is 20 ohms each. The system has 100V, what is the current? (Hint: Kirchhoff's circuit laws)

<p>0.47 A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the magnetic flux when a magnetic field is parallel to the normal to the surface?

<p>It is maximum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A proton moves with a velocity of 2x10^6 m/s in a magnetic field of 0.8 T at an angle of 30° with the magnetic field direction. If the charge of a proton is (1.602 × 10^{-19}) C, what is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the proton?

<p>$1.28×10^{-13}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric charge is best described as:

<p>a fundamental quantity in physics measured in Coulombs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the atomic structure, what is the charge of a neutron?

<p>Neutral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a true statement about electric charges?

<p>Like charges repel, opposite charges attract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the quark theory, what is the charge of a proton comprised of two up quarks (each with a charge of +2/3 e) and one down quark (with a charge of -1/3 e)?

<p>+1e (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the conservation of electric charge?

<p>Electrons move from one atom to another, causing charge imbalances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material allows electric charges to flow freely?

<p>Conductor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semiconductors are best described as:

<p>materials with resistivity between those of conductors and insulators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about the forbidden gap in conductors?

<p>There is no forbidden gap. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Coulomb's Law, the electrostatic force between two charges is:

<p>inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of electric fields around protons?

<p>They originate from protons and terminate on electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the electric field lines?

<p>The closer the lines, the stronger the field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship defined by Ohm's Law?

<p>The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What electrical quantity is measured in amperes?

<p>Current (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What correctly describes 'voltage'?

<p>the electrical 'pressure' that causes free electrons to travel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor most directly affects the resistance of a wire?

<p>Wire material and temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the conventional electrical current flow?

<p>From positive to negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Current remains the same for all components of what type of circuit?

<p>Series circuit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the same across all components in a parallel circuit?

<p>Voltage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If one bulb burns out in a circuit with multiple bulbs, what happens to the other bulbs in a series circuit?

<p>The other bulbs go out. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are lights in parallel circuits typically preferred over series circuits?

<p>If one light fails, the others continue to operate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capacitance is defined as:

<p>the ability to store electrical energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Farads are used to measure what electrical quantity?

<p>Capacitance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing the area of the plates in a capacitor have on the capacitance?

<p>Increases the capacitance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to capacitance when the distance between the plates of a capacitor is decreased?

<p>Capacitance increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permanent magnets characteristics can be descried as:

<p>retaining their magnetism once magnetized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two north poles brought close together will:

<p>Repel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term represents the visual depiction of magnetic forces?

<p>Magnetic flux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in determining the force on a moving charged particle in a magnetic field?

<p>Angle between the velocity and field direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct unit for measuring magnetic field strength?

<p>Tesla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Faraday's Law of Induction, an EMF (electromotive force) in a wire is induced by what?

<p>A changing magnetic field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lenz's Law state about the direction of induced current in a circuit?

<p>It opposes the change that produced it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energy transformation occurs in a capacitor when it is in an electric field?

<p>Electrical to potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for insulators to shift electrons to the conduction band?

<p>Large energy input (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Insanely Difficult): Imagine you have a circuit powered by a battery with internal resistance, connected to an external resistor. If you could somehow make the battery's internal resistance negative (which is fundamentally impossible in reality), what bizarre phenomenon would you theoretically observe?

<p>The power output to the external resistor would theoretically increase without limit, violating energy conservation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three focus areas covered in the provided content?

<p>Electrostatics, Electrodynamics, Magnetism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric charge is best described as which of the following?

<p>A conserved quantity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles outlined, like charges will:

<p>Repel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net charge of an object with an equal number of protons and electrons?

<p>Neutral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of stationary electric charges?

<p>Electrostatics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials allows electric charges to flow most readily?

<p>Conductor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of material is characterized by its high resistance to the flow of electric charge?

<p>Insulator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes a semiconductor material?

<p>Conductivity between conductors and insulators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'forbidden gap' in the context of semiconductors?

<p>It represents an energy range where no electron states can exist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Coulomb's Law, if the magnitude of one of the charges is doubled, what happens to the electrostatic force between them?

<p>It is doubled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electric field is defined as:

<p>The force per unit charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric field lines indicate:

<p>The direction of the force on a positive test charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does electric potential measure?

<p>Work done per unit charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ohm's Law relate?

<p>Voltage, current, and resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of electrical circuits, what does 'amperes' measure?

<p>Current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the resistance of most conductors as temperature increases?

<p>Increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a series circuit, if one bulb blows what happens to the circuit and the other light bulb?

<p>Break the circuit, no current flow and both lights goes out (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the behavior of current in parallel circuits?

<p>Current is divided among all components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the characteristic of parallel circuits.

<p>The decrease current ( doesn't dim bulbs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is capacitance?

<p>Ability of component to store electrical circuit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The capacitance is affected by

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What are the functions of a parallel capacitor

<p>Capacitance in Farads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a permanent magnet?

<p>Has a fixed magnetic field (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true when like poles of magnets are brought together?

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What is a magnetic field's fundamental nature?

<p>Force on a moving charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the direction of magnetic force?

<p>Magnetic flux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines magnitude on a moving charged particle?

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What is the SI unit for measuring magnetic field strength?

<p>Tesla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Faraday's law describe?

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Lenz's law say what is the direction of induced current?

<p>Change produced by magnet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of electricity moves back and forth with the changing magnetic field?

<p>Alternating current (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the main function of a transformer?

<p>Increase or decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly relates the energy (E) stored in a capacitor to its charge (Q) and capacitance (C)?

<p>$E = \frac{Q^2}{2C}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wire carries a steady current of 2 A. How many electrons pass a given point in the wire in 1 second?

<p>$1.25 \times 10^{19}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A coil of wire with 500 turns has a cross-sectional area of $0.05 m^2$. It is placed in a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of the coil. If the magnetic field decreases from 0.8 T to 0.2 T in 0.1 seconds, what is the average induced EMF in the coil?

<p>1500 V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conducting rod of length 0.4 m moves perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T at a speed of 2 m/s. What is the magnitude of the induced EMF in the rod?

<p>0.4 V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of 5 F. If the charge on each plate is 100 C, what is the voltage across the capacitor?

<p>20 V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(Insanely Difficult): Imagine a material with a 'negative' electrical resistance (which is not physically possible under normal conditions). What effect would connecting this theoretical component to a standard resistor in a circuit have?

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Flashcards

Electric Charge

A fundamental quantity in physics, it determines the electromagnetic interaction.

Atomic Charge

Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons are neutral.

Quark Theory

Theory that protons and neutrons are composed of smaller particles.

Charge Conservation

The principle that total electric charge in an isolated system never changes.

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Conductors

Materials allowing easy charge flow (e.g., metals)

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Insulators

Materials resisting charge flow (e.g., rubber).

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Semiconductors

Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators (e.g., silicon).

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Coulomb's Law

Describes force between charged objects; force is proportional to product of charges and inversely proportional to square of distance.

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Electric Field

A vector field that surrounds an electric charge and exerts force on other charges.

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Electric Potential

Energy a charge has due to its location in an electric field, measured in Volts.

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Electrodynamics

Studies electric charges in motion, electrical circuits and components.

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Ohm's Law

Relates voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit.

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Voltage

The 'pressure' causing free electrons to move in a circuit, measured in volts.

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Resistance

Opposition to current flow, measured in ohms.

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Current

Rate of electrical charge flow, measured in amperes.

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Electric Current

The amount of charge passing through a point in a conductor per unit time.

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Effects on Resistance

How do length and area affect resistance?

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Series Circuit

Components connected end-to-end; single path for current.

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Parallel Circuit

Components connected side by side; multiple paths for current.

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Magnets

Can be permanent, temporary or electromagnets.

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Magnetic Poles

Always exist as north-south pairs; like poles repel, opposites attract.

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Electromotive Strength

Electromagnets strength depends on what?

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Magnetic Field

Region around a magnet/moving charge where magnetic force is detected.

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Lorentz force law

A charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a perpendicular force.

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Magnetic Flux

A measure of the total magnetic field passing through a given area; SI unit is Weber (wb).

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Faraday's Law

Changing magnetic field induces what in a wire?

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Lenz Law

An induced current creates a magnetic field opposing change that produced it.

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Motional EMF

Induction depends on length and what

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Capacitor

Device storing electrical energy via separated conductors.

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Transformers

Device used to step up or down voltages.

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What is a Conductor?

A conductor allows charges to flow readily, like metals with mobile electrons.

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What is Semiconductor?

A semiconductor has resistivity between conductors and insulators, like silicon.

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Conservation of Charge

Charges are neither created nor destroyed, only transferred.

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Coulomb's Law States

Magnitude of electrostatic force is proportional to the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between them.

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Electric Fields Lines indicate

Field lines show direction of force on a positive test charge and field strength.

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Electric Field Lines magnitude

The number of field lines is directly related to magnitude of charge.

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Electric Potential defined

The electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in space. Measured in Joules per Coulomb (J/C)

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What is Resistance?

A measure of a material's opposition to current flow.

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Combination Circuits

The equivalent resistance changes based on series or parallel configuration.

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Series circuit: current and voltage

The total current remains constant in all components; voltage is divided.

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Parallel circuit: current and voltage

The voltages are the equal across all components; current is divided.

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What does a capacitor do?

Device storing electrical energy.

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Capacitance-affecting factors?

Three key factors are area of plates, distance between plates, and the material.

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Energy Stored in a Capacitor

Energy Stored = 1/2 * Capacitance * Voltage^2

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What Creates a Magnetic Field?

A region around magnets/moving charges where magnetic force exists.

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Defining Magnetic Flux.

The product of magnetic field strength and area.

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Faraday's Law of Induction

Induced Voltage = -N * (change in magnetic flux / change in time).

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Alternating Current (AC).

Type of electricity from with current back-and-forth.

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Electrical Power

Power and Energy depends on the number of loop turns and more.

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Electrostatics

Electrostatics is the study of stationary electric charges and their interactions.

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Electrical Resistivity

A material's property that opposes the flow of electric charge.

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Coulomb's Law forces

Inversely proportional to square of distance, can be attractive or repulsive.

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Electric Field definition

A region where an electric charge experiences a force.

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Defining electric potential

Equal to work per unit charge; measured in volts (V).

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Ohm's Law Relation

Electrons flow by electrical potential (Voltage) through an electrical device (current) and there is electrical resistance of circuit.

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Factors affecting resistance

Wire length: more resistance. Cross-sectional area: less resistance.

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Capacitor Influences

The material determines insulation and capacitance.

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Stored energy Relation

Stored energy increases with capacitance and voltage

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Permanent Magnets are..

Hard magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt, and retain their magnetism.

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Magnetic flux in words

Is the product of magnetic field strength and area

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Motional EMF dependancy

Moving through a magnetic field induces current in a wire and depends on the magnetic field, velocity, and wire length..

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Uniform Electric Field

A uniform electric field is a region in space where the electric field strength is the same at every point.

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Series circuit: voltage

The total voltage in the series circuit is the addition of individual resistors

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Lorentz Law

The force on a charged particle moving through a magnetic field

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Induced EMF

Induced EMF in a moving conductor depends on wire length, that is is perpendicular to a magnetic field B and gives E = -vBL

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Series circuit resistance is ..

Is the sum of individual resistors

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What is are the Types of Electricity?

There are two types of current electricity, which are Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC).

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Defining magnetic field

A magnetic field is a region of space around a magnet or a moving electric charge.

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What is Electrostatics?

Study of stationary electric charges and their interactions.

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What is Electric Charge?

Quantity measured in Coulombs, resulting from a fundamental property of matter.

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What are Atomic Charges?

Protons = positive; Neutrons = neutral;Electrons = negative.

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What is Charge Conservation?

Charges cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

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What are Conductors?

Materials allowing charges to flow easily.

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What are Insulators?

Materials that resist the flow of electrical charges.

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What are Semiconductors?

Material with conductivity in-between conductors and insulators.

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What does Coulomb's Law State?

The magnitude of the force is proportional to the charges and inversely to the square of the separation distance.

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What do Electric Field Lines indicate?

Shows force direction on positive charge and magnitude.

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What is Electrodynamics?

Study of electric charges in motion, electrical circuits, and components

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What does Ohm's Law Relate?

Electrons flow by electrical potential (Voltage) through an electrical device (current) and there is electrical resistance of circuit.

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What is Electrical Resistivity?

Materials property opposes electric charge.

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What are Permanent Magnets?

Hard magnetic materials retaining magnetism.

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Describe Magnetic Flux.

Product of magnetic field strength and area.

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What is Faraday's Law of Induction?

Induced voltage equals -N * (change in magnetic flux / change in time)

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What are the Types of Electricity?

There are Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC).

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What is Electrical Power?

Power and Energy depend on the number of loop turns and more.

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Series Circuit: Resistance

Sum of individual resistors.

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Probe Electric Field

A quantity derived to probe electric fields, independent of the charge testing it.

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Temporary magnets defined

These materials lose their magnetism once the magnetic force is reduced.

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What is a Electromagnet?

A coil of wire wrapped around a magnetic core creates with current passing through.

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Electric Charge Definition

A physical property that causes a substance to experience force in an electromagnetic field; quantized and conserved.

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Attraction/Repulsion

Opposite charges attract and like charges repel

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Charge Conservation Method

When you charge an object, no charges are created/destroyed, they simply move.

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Electrical Conductor

Material allowing charge flow.

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Electrical Insulator

Material inhibiting charge flow.

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Electrical Semiconductor

Material with conductivity between conductor/insulator.

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Electric Field Strength

Magnitude of the electric field strength.

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Semiconductor gap jump

A semiconductor needs a small amount of energy to have electrons jump between states.

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Voltage Definition

The electrical "pressure" that causes free electrons to travel through an electrical circuit

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What is SERIES circuit?

Components of a simple circuits are in LINE, sharing all current

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What is Parallel circuit?

Components of a parallel circuit divide the current and re-combine it.

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What is a Parallel Circuit?

Has unlimited ways for the current to flow.

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Combination: Parallel - Series

The combination of Series and parallel allow for current to flow in different ways.

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Temporary Magnets

These magnets lose their power when removed from a strong magnetic field.

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Electromagnets

Magnitude depends on current in the coil.

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Unit of Measuring the Magnetic field

Strength of the magnetic force.

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Study Notes

Physics Part 2, Electric Fields and Magnetism

  • The lecture covers electrostatics, electrodynamics, and magnetism

Electrostatics

  • Electric charge is a fundamental quantity in physics, measured in Coulombs (C).
  • The charge is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed into an electromagnetic field.
  • Electric charges are conserved and quantized.
  • Protons have a positive charge
  • Electrons have a negative charge
  • Neutrons have a neutral charge
  • There are two types of electric charges in nature: positive (+) and negative (-).
  • Like charges repel each other.
  • Opposite charges attract each other.
  • Charges are either conserved or quantized.
  • Quark Theory explains nature of charges using constituent elementary particles
  • The number of electrons and protons stay the same when charging something.
  • Electrons simply move from one atom to another, which creates areas that have different charges.

Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors

  • Conductors are materials that allow charges to flow readily, e.g., metals.
  • Insulators are materials that resist the flow of charges.
  • Semiconductors have resistivity in between conductors and insulators, e.g., germanium, silicon, selenium, and carbon.
  • Conductors do not have a forbidden gap
  • The valence and conduction bands overlap in conductors
  • Electrons from the valence band freely enter the conduction band due to overlapping bands.
  • Insulators have very large forbidden gaps, generally more than 3eV
  • Semiconductors have small forbidden gaps.
  • At Ok conduction bands are empty and the valance band is filled.
  • The conductivity of a semiconductor is in the order of 102mho m-1

Coulomb's Law

  • The magnitude of the electrostatic force (FE) between charges is directly proportional to the radial distance (r) between the two charges (q1 and q2) and inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between them.
  • Two laws vary inversely as the square of the distance between charges or masses.
  • Gravitational force is weaker, and only an attractive force
  • Coulomb force is both repulsive and attractive.

Electric Field

  • Protons and electrons are surrounded by an electric field, which is a vector quantity.
  • Electric fields originate from protons and terminate on electrons.
  • Electric fields are created by electric charges and repel when they are of the same charge
  • Electric fields are a region in which a charge experiences a force
  • It's direction depends on the particle's charge

Representing Electric Fields

  • Electric Fields can be represented with electric field lines
  • The lines indicate 2 things about the field: Direction, from the direction of the field lines Strength, proximity of the field lines to each other
  • A uniform electric field has the same strength at all points.

Formula

  • Magnitude is described by the formula: E=F/qo
  • Direction is the direction of force that acts on the positive test charge

Electric fields

  • The SI unit is N/C The Electric fields can be visualized with the help of electric field lines The arrow marks show the direction of the electric field. Electric field lines always point towards a negative point and away from a positive charge. Electric field lines never intersect with each other. Electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface charge. The electric field is strong when the field lines are close together. The electric field is weak when the field lines move apart from each other.

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