Physics: Dispersion and Spectrum

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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital?

2 (correct)

Which shape is associated with the s orbital?

Linear

Dumbbell

Double dumbbell

Spherical (correct)

What shape is represented by a p orbital?

Planar

Dumbbell (correct)

Circular

Spherical

Which of the following best describes d orbitals?

Double dumbbell shape Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'orbital' refer to in atomic theory?

A region of space where electrons are found Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily found in the nucleus of an atom?

Nucleons Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of light splitting into a series of color bands called?

Dispersion Signup and view all the answers

What property of an atom is described as having a positive charge concentrated in the nucleus?

Proton charge Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a charged particle accelerates?

It generates electromagnetic waves Signup and view all the answers

What is created when radiations emitted from a source are passed through a prism?

Emission spectrum Signup and view all the answers

Which type of spectrum contains all colors without any gaps?

Continuous spectrum Signup and view all the answers

According to Maxwell's theory, how are the electric and magnetic fields oriented when produced by a charged particle?

They are perpendicular to each other Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's contributions are mentioned in relation to the stability of an atom?

Rutherford Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a continuum of radiation passes through a sample that absorbs certain wavelengths?

Absorption spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an absorption spectrum have on a continuum of radiation?

It results in missing wavelengths in the spectrum. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of nucleons in an atom?

Protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What do electromagnetic radiation and waves propagate through?

Vacuum or space Signup and view all the answers

What type of spectrum results from heating a substance to high temperature?

Continuous spectrum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about emission spectra is true?

They contain only specific wavelengths. Signup and view all the answers

What was one limitation of Rutherford's atomic model?

It could not explain the stability of the atom Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a line spectrum?

A spectrum with distinct colored lines. Signup and view all the answers

What does an arrow in an orbital diagram represent?

The spin of the electron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes an orbital in an atom?

A region of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron Signup and view all the answers

How is the number of electrons that can occupy an orbital determined?

By the Pauli exclusion principle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following subshells has the highest energy in an electron configuration?

3d Signup and view all the answers

In which subshell is a maximum of 10 electrons allowed?

3d Signup and view all the answers

What does the configuration '2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6' represent?

An atom with 18 electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about orbitals is correct?

Orbitals are arranged according to increasing energy levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of a p orbital?

Dumbbell-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What does Heisenberg's uncertainty principle state regarding simultaneous measurements?

There is a limit to the accuracy of measuring position and momentum at the same time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the failure of the Bohr model?

It does not incorporate the concept of electron clouds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Quantum Mechanics?

The dual behavior of matter and light. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Schrodinger's wave equation, what does the Hamiltonian operator represent?

The total energy of the system. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence arises from the dual behavior of matter as depicted in quantum mechanics?

Particles cannot exist in fixed orbits. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'uncertainty in velocity' depend on according to Heisenberg's principle?

The uncertainty in position. Signup and view all the answers

Which equation did Schrodinger propose to describe electrons in atoms?

Schrodinger's Wave Equation Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'quantum mechanical model of an atom'?

A model where electrons are treated as waves around the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dispersion and Spectrum

The splitting of light into a series of color bands is known as dispersion.
The series of color bands is called a spectrum.
There are two types of spectra: emission and absorption.

Emission Spectra

Emission spectra are produced when radiation emitted from a source is passed through a prism.
The spectrum obtained is called an emission spectrum.
Emission spectra are of two types: continuous and line spectra.
Continuous spectra show all wavelengths of light, while line spectra show only specific wavelengths.

Absorption Spectra

Absorption spectra are like the negative image of an emission spectrum.
A continuum of radiation is passed through a sample.
The sample absorbs radiation of certain wavelengths, leaving dark spaces in the bright continuous spectrum.
The missing wavelengths correspond to the radiation absorbed by the matter.

Atomic Structure

Most of the space in an atom is vacant.
Atoms have a positive charge concentrated in the nucleus.
The positive charge is due to protons.
Electrons revolve around the nucleus.
Protons and neutrons are called nucleons.

Rutherford's Model

Rutherford's model could not explain the stability of an atom.

Bohr's Model

Bohr's model tried to explain the stability of the atom.

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

EMR is produced when an electrically charged particle moves under acceleration.
EMR includes alternating electric and magnetic fields generated and transmitted in the form of waves.

Wave Nature of EMR

According to Maxwell, an accelerated charged particle produces electric and magnetic fields.
The electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

It states that it is impossible to determine both the position and velocity of a particle with perfect accuracy.

Bohr Model Failures

It did not consider the dual behavior of matter (wave-particle duality).
It contradicts Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

Quantum Mechanics

It deals with the dual behavior of matter.

Schrödinger Wave Equation

Schrödinger proposed a quantum mechanical model of an atom.
He gave a wave equation to describe the wave motion of an electron in 3D space around the nucleus.

Atomic Orbitals

An orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where the probability of finding an electron is maximum.
Orbitals have a maximum of 2 electrons.
Orbitals have a specific shape and energy level.

Shapes of Orbitals

s-orbital: spherical shape
p-orbital: dumbbell shape
d-orbital: double dumbbell shape with varying lobe orientations

Orbital Diagrams

Boxes are used to represent each orbital of a subshell.
Arrows with positive or negative spins represent the electrons.

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Description

Explore the fascinating concepts of dispersion and spectrum in this quiz. Understand the differences between emission and absorption spectra, including their characteristics and formation. Test your knowledge on atomic structure and how it relates to these spectral phenomena.