Physics Definitions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is physics?

  • Branch of science concerned with biology and chemistry
  • Branch of science concerned with matter and energy and the interaction between them (correct)
  • Study of living organisms
  • None of the above

    • What does motion refer to?

    Change in an object's position with respect to time

    A particle model treats an object as a particle represented by a mass at a single point in space.

    True (A)

    What is a scalar?

    <p>Quantity fully defined or described by a single number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vector?

    <p>Quantity described by magnitude and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is displacement?

    <p>Change in position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is velocity?

    <p>Rate of change of position vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acceleration?

    <p>Change of velocity with respect to time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a motion diagram?

    <p>Composite photo showing position of object for several moments in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kinematics?

    <p>The mathematical description of motion without regard to cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is uniform motion?

    <p>Straight line motion with equal displacement over successive equal-time intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is non-uniform motion?

    <p>Motion in which velocity is not constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is instantaneous velocity?

    <p>Speed and direction of object at one instant in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a derivative?

    <p>Measure of how a function changes as its input changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an integral?

    <p>Summation over infinitesimally small portions of the function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes uniformly accelerated motion?

    <p>Object's acceleration is constant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 2-D kinematics?

    <p>Motion in two directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is projectile motion?

    <p>Motion in which acceleration is only due to gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trajectory?

    <p>Path followed by a projectile object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dynamics?

    <p>Study of the cause of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is force?

    <p>Any influence that causes an object to undergo a change in velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contact force?

    <p>Force that acts on an object through physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long range force?

    <p>Force that exerts no physical contact on an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of superposition?

    <p>Net force on an object is given by the vector summation of all individual forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Newton's Second Law state?

    <p>Object of mass subjected to a force will undergo an acceleration (F=ma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newton's First Law states that velocity will remain constant if the net force is zero.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inertia?

    <p>Tendency of an object to resist a change in velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is propulsion?

    <p>Force that a system with an internal source of energy uses to drive itself forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is equilibrium?

    <p>State of an object when the net force acting on an object is zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is static equilibrium?

    <p>Zero velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>Nonzero velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is interaction?

    <p>Mutual influence of two objects on each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Newton's Third Law?

    <p>When one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts a force on the first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the massless string approximation?

    <p>Assumption that a string has zero mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a perfect pulley?

    <p>Assumption that the string is massless and pulley is frictionless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fictitious force is a real force acting on an object.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is uniform circular motion?

    <p>Motion in which a particle moves around a circle at a constant speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is period?

    <p>Amount of time needed for a particle to go around a circle one time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is centripetal acceleration?

    <p>Acceleration directed toward the center of the circle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angular displacement?

    <p>Change in angle used to measure the particle's circular motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angular velocity?

    <p>Rate at which a particle's angular position is changing as it moves around a circle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physics Fundamentals

    • Physics is the branch of science focused on matter, energy, and their interactions.
    • Motion refers to the change in an object's position over time.

    Models and Descriptions

    • The particle model simplifies objects to a mass at a point, disregarding size or shape.
    • Scalars are quantities described by a single number, while vectors include both magnitude and direction.

    Motion Concepts

    • Displacement indicates the change in position.
    • Velocity is the rate at which an object's position vector changes.
    • Acceleration describes how velocity changes over time.

    Diagrammatic Representations

    • Motion diagrams visually represent an object's position at different times.
    • Kinematics provides a mathematical description of motion without exploring the causes.

    Types of Motion

    • Uniform motion involves straight-line movement with equal displacement at equal time intervals.
    • Non-uniform motion has a varying velocity.
    • Instantaneous velocity is the speed and direction of an object at a specific moment.

    Calculus in Motion

    • Derivatives measure how a function changes with alterations in input.
    • Integrals sum up values across infinitesimal segments of a function.

    Specific Movement Patterns

    • Uniformly accelerated motion occurs with constant acceleration.
    • 2-D kinematics deals with motion in two dimensions.
    • Projectile motion is characterized by acceleration solely due to gravity.
    • A trajectory is the path followed by a projectile.

    Dynamics and Forces

    • Dynamics studies the causes behind motion.
    • A force is any influence that causes a change in an object's velocity.
    • Contact forces arise from physical interactions, while long-range forces operate without contact.

    Principles of Force

    • The principle of superposition states the net force on an object is the vector sum of all individual forces.
    • Newton's Second Law connects force, mass, and acceleration (F=ma).
    • The First Law (Law of Inertia) asserts that an object maintains its velocity unless acted upon by a net force.
    • Inertia refers to an object's resistance to changes in motion.

    Equilibrium States

    • Equilibrium is when the net force on an object equals zero.
    • Static equilibrium is characterized by zero velocity, whereas dynamic equilibrium involves nonzero velocity.

    Interactions and Reactions

    • Interaction denotes the mutual influence between two objects.
    • Newton's Third Law states that forces occur in action/reaction pairs between two objects.

    Theoretical Assumptions

    • The massless string approximation assumes strings have no mass.
    • A perfect pulley comprises a massless string and a frictionless pulley.

    Concept of Fictitious Forces

    • Fictitious forces are not real; they describe motion without external forces acting on the object.

    Circular Motion Specifics

    • Uniform circular motion involves a constant speed along a circular path with uniform angular velocity.
    • The period is the time taken for a complete circle.
    • Centripetal acceleration points towards the center of the circle.
    • Angular displacement measures the change in angle during circular motion.
    • Angular velocity reflects the rate of change of angular position as the particle moves in a circle.

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    Test your knowledge of essential physics definitions with these flashcards. Each card presents a key term and its concise explanation, covering fundamental concepts like motion and the particle model. Perfect for students and enthusiasts looking to reinforce their understanding of physics.

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