Physics: Converting Units of Pressure, Temperature, and Volume

Gas Volume and Temperature Relationship

• Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.
• Initial conditions: V1 = 484 mL, T1 = -10°C (263.15 K).
• Final conditions: T2 = 37°C (310.15 K), with unknown final volume V2.
• Derived equation: V2 = (V1 * T2) / T1.
• Substituting values gives V2 ≈ 570.44 mL after temperature increases.

Gas Properties According to Kinetic-Molecular Theory

• Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles (atoms/molecules) that are far apart, occupying mostly empty space.
• Gas particles are in constant, rapid, random motion, which allows for significant kinetic energy.
• No attractive or repulsive forces exist between ideal gas particles, meaning their motion is independent.
• Kinetic energy of gas particles correlates with temperature; higher temperatures result in faster particle speeds and greater kinetic energy.

Temperature Conversions

• Kelvin and Celsius relationship: K = °C + 273.15, °C = K - 273.15.
• Fahrenheit conversion: °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8, °F = 1.8(°C) + 32.

Pressure Conversions

• Pressure equivalences:
  • 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
  • 1 atm = 101.325 kPa
  • 1 atm = 760 mm Hg
  • 1 atm = 14.6956 psi

Volume and Mass Conversions

• Volume equivalents:
  • 1000 mL = 1 L
  • 1 mL = 1 cm³
  • 1 L = 1 dm³
• Mass equivalents:
  • 1 kg = 1000 g
  • 1 kg = 2.20462 lbs

Chemical Composition

• An atom is the fundamental unit of matter that retains chemical properties.
• Molecules consist of two or more atoms and exhibit physical and chemical properties.
• Compounds are made up of identical molecules containing multiple chemical elements.

Chemical Formula Notations

• Coefficients indicate the number of molecules (e.g., 2 in 2 CaCO3).
• Subscripts indicate the number of specific atoms in a molecule (e.g., 2 in H2O).
• These numeric values are crucial for balancing chemical equations.

Biomolecules Overview

• Research assignment on types of biomolecules includes structures, compositions, food sources, and functions.
• Major biomolecule categories include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Assessment Preparation

• Multiple-choice questions assess knowledge on protein sources, lipid content in foods, major biomolecule categories, and amino acid functions related to proteins.

Test your understanding of unit conversions for pressure, temperature, and volume in physics. Learn how to convert between different units such as atm, Pa, KPa, and more. Practice problems and exercises to help you master these essential conversions.