Physics: Converting Units of Pressure, Temperature, and Volume

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Questions and Answers

What is the value of K in the given initial condition?

310.15 K

10⁰C + 273.15 K

263.15 K (correct)

273.15 K

What is the purpose of rearranging the equation V1/T1 = V2/T2?

To eliminate V1 from the equation

To isolate V2 on the right side of the equation (correct)

To introduce a new variable

To get T1 on the left side of the equation

What happens to the volume when the temperature increases from -10⁰C to 37⁰C?

It decreases from 484 mL to 354.44 mL

It doubles to 968 mL

It remains constant at 484 mL

It increases from 484 mL to 570.44 mL (correct)

What is the unit of measurement of the final answer?

mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cancelling the unit K in the solution?

To cancel out the unit that appears in both the numerator and denominator Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation derived by rearranging V1/T1 = V2/T2?

V2 = V1T2/T1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 1 atm in Kilo Pascal?

101.325 kPa Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature in Kelvin if the temperature in Celsius is 25°C?

298.15 K Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume in liters if 3000 mL of a substance is given?

3 L Signup and view all the answers

What is the Boyle's Law equation that relates the volume and pressure of gases?

V1P1 = V2P2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass in kilograms if 2500 grams of a substance is given?

2.5 kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 1 gallon in liters?

3.78541 L Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the volume of a gas being mostly composed of empty space?

The distance between the particles is much greater than their size Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increasing the temperature of a sample of gas?

The speeds of the particles are increased Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the particles of an ideal gas?

They have no forces of attraction or repulsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the kinetic energy of gas particles and their temperature?

Kinetic energy increases as temperature increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the difference in behavior between gases and liquids or solids?

The distance between the particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption about the motion of gas particles in an ideal gas?

The motion of each particle is completely independent of the motion of all other particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the Kelvin temperature of a gas proportional to?

The average kinetic energy of the gas particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element?

Atom Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element Signup and view all the answers

What does the coefficient in a chemical formula represent?

The number of molecules that make up the compound Signup and view all the answers

What does the subscript in a chemical formula represent?

The number of atoms of an element in a molecule Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be changed during balancing an equation?

The subscript of an element Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?

Nucleic Acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of lipids?

Fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of proteins?

They provide energy for the body Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule is most closely associated with digestion?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

To store and transmit genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gas Volume and Temperature Relationship

Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.
Initial conditions: V1 = 484 mL, T1 = -10°C (263.15 K).
Final conditions: T2 = 37°C (310.15 K), with unknown final volume V2.
Derived equation: V2 = (V1 * T2) / T1.
Substituting values gives V2 ≈ 570.44 mL after temperature increases.

Gas Properties According to Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles (atoms/molecules) that are far apart, occupying mostly empty space.
Gas particles are in constant, rapid, random motion, which allows for significant kinetic energy.
No attractive or repulsive forces exist between ideal gas particles, meaning their motion is independent.
Kinetic energy of gas particles correlates with temperature; higher temperatures result in faster particle speeds and greater kinetic energy.

Temperature Conversions

Kelvin and Celsius relationship: K = °C + 273.15, °C = K - 273.15.
Fahrenheit conversion: °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8, °F = 1.8(°C) + 32.

Pressure Conversions

Pressure equivalences:
- 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
- 1 atm = 101.325 kPa
- 1 atm = 760 mm Hg
- 1 atm = 14.6956 psi

Volume and Mass Conversions

Volume equivalents:
- 1000 mL = 1 L
- 1 mL = 1 cm³
- 1 L = 1 dm³
Mass equivalents:
- 1 kg = 1000 g
- 1 kg = 2.20462 lbs

Chemical Composition

An atom is the fundamental unit of matter that retains chemical properties.
Molecules consist of two or more atoms and exhibit physical and chemical properties.
Compounds are made up of identical molecules containing multiple chemical elements.

Chemical Formula Notations

Coefficients indicate the number of molecules (e.g., 2 in 2 CaCO3).
Subscripts indicate the number of specific atoms in a molecule (e.g., 2 in H2O).
These numeric values are crucial for balancing chemical equations.

Biomolecules Overview

Research assignment on types of biomolecules includes structures, compositions, food sources, and functions.
Major biomolecule categories include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Assessment Preparation

Multiple-choice questions assess knowledge on protein sources, lipid content in foods, major biomolecule categories, and amino acid functions related to proteins.

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Description

Test your understanding of unit conversions for pressure, temperature, and volume in physics. Learn how to convert between different units such as atm, Pa, KPa, and more. Practice problems and exercises to help you master these essential conversions.