Physics Concepts Quiz - Motion and Waves

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the center of mass of the cable when a force F is applied to straighten it?

It remains unchanged as forces balance.

It moves upward due to increased tension. (correct)

It moves downward due to the weight of the cable.

It shifts horizontally towards point A.

At what speed would an observer fly over the rod to see only its rotational motion?

At a speed equal to the radius of the rod.

At a speed that matches the velocity of the center of mass.

At the speed equal to the angular velocity of the rod. (correct)

At a speed equal to zero.

What current does the moving coil voltmeter draw at full scale deflection?

0.5 mA

1.0 mA (correct)

1.5 mA

2.0 mA

If the rod falls through height h and reaches a speed u after falling, how does the energy of the system relate to the wedge's motion?

The kinetic energy of the rod equals the potential energy lost. Signup and view all the answers

What is the reading of the moving coil voltmeter when connected on the 300 V range?

90 V Signup and view all the answers

When the rod is in contact with the wedge, which type of motion does the wedge exhibit?

Accelerated motion horizontally to the right. Signup and view all the answers

In the equation Pin − Pout = 2C(1 - (r0/r)^6), what does C represent?

A constant Signup and view all the answers

Which equation appropriately relates the speeds u and v of the rod and wedge given the slope angle θ?

u / v = sin(θ) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the behavior of the balloon when first inflated?

It shows significant resistance initially. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor affecting the motion of the rod sliding down the wedge?

The angle θ of the slope. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the rotational frequency of the rod as it rotates?

It remains constant if no external torque is applied. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected relationship between the uninflated radius r0 and the radius at maximum pressure rp?

r0 < rp Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using old cgs units of pressure for Pin − Pout on the pressure curve of the balloon?

It alters the scale but not the shape of the graph. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mass of the rod m1 and the mass of the wedge m2 regarding their speeds?

m1 and m2 are directly related since they share energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the driving wheel of the bulldozer?

1.0 m Signup and view all the answers

In the formula for work done, WD = F ∆x, what does F represent?

Force applied to the balloon Signup and view all the answers

If the rotational period of the wheel is 0.84 s, what is the speed of the mud moving past a person standing beside the bulldozer?

2.0 m/s Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the pressure curve shown in the graph?

It shows the relationship between pressure and inflation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the terminal voltage of the dc power supply when it is on open circuit?

5.00 V Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the internal resistance if a 2.00 Ω resistor is connected and the terminal voltage drops by 0.100 V?

0.50 Ω Signup and view all the answers

If the load resistor is changed to 0.400 Ω, which of the following represents the new terminal voltage?

4.80 V Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of the gravitational potential energy lost by the rod as it falls is gained by the wedge if m1 = m2 and θ = 30°?

$\frac{1}{2}$ Signup and view all the answers

From the given information, what is expressed as the speed of the rod, u?

$\sqrt{gh}$ Signup and view all the answers

What factor is essential when sketching a diagram to solve physics problems?

It should represent the correct scales Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of light in free space?

3.00 × 10^8 m s−1 Signup and view all the answers

What does the Avogadro constant represent?

The number of molecules in one mole of a substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the acceleration of an object in free fall?

v = u + at Signup and view all the answers

Which formula correctly calculates the volume of a sphere?

V = rac{4}{3} imes ext{π} r^3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating power using voltage and current?

P = VI Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct expression for gravitational potential energy?

PE = mgh Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constants is known as the elementary charge?

1.60 × 10^−19 C Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship described by the equation $PV = ext{const.}$?

Boyle's law Signup and view all the answers

How many rotations does a car tyre make during its lifetime if it lasts typically 40,000 km?

108 Signup and view all the answers

Which graph best indicates the relationship of pressure as a function of depth in a wine vat?

(c) Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of a cycle, measured in degrees, is the received signal out of phase if a sound of 165 Hz travels 157 m?

90° Signup and view all the answers

How do the final velocities of two balls thrown from a cliff compare when one is thrown upwards and the other downwards at the same speed?

The same Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the velocities of the ends of a 34 cm long uniform straight rod rotating and translating across a surface?

The top end moves faster than the bottom end Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the pressure in a large vat of wine increase the most?

At the bottom of the vat Signup and view all the answers

How will the sound reaching a receiver be affected if the distance is doubled while maintaining the same frequency?

The sound will be inaudible Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of air resistance on the comparison of final velocities of two balls thrown from a cliff?

It can alter the velocities significantly depending on the speed of throw Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Estimating Tyre Rotations

A car tyre lasts approximately 40,000 km.
This distance corresponds to roughly 10^7 rotations.

Wine Vat Pressure

The pressure in a wine vat increases linearly with depth.
The pressure is independent of the shape of the vat.

Sound Wave Interference

A sound wave with a frequency of 165 Hz travels at 330 m/s.
The sound wave travels a distance of 157 m.
This corresponds to a phase difference of 180 degrees.

Objects in Free Fall

Two objects thrown from a cliff, one upwards and one downwards, with the same initial speed, will reach the sea with the same final velocity.

Uniform Rod Motion

A uniform rod spinning and translating across a smooth surface has a centre of mass that is stationary.
To observe only the rotational motion of the rod, the observer must fly over the rod at the same speed as the centre of mass.
The velocity of the rod ends is directly proportional to their distance from the centre of mass.
The frequency of rotation is independent of the translational velocity.

Hanging Cable Centre of Mass

The centre of mass of a hanging cable is located closer to the midpoint of the cable than the geometrical centre.
Applying a force to straighten the cable causes the centre of mass to shift towards the midpoint.

Wedge and Rod System

The rod and wedge system experience constant acceleration.
The contact point on the slope moves horizontally with velocity v.
The contact point at the end of the rod moves vertically with velocity u.
The relationship between u, v, and θ is given by: u = v tan θ.
The energy conservation equation for the system is given by: m1gh = 1/2 m1u^2 + 1/2 m2v^2.
The wedge's velocity v is given by: v = √(2m1gh/(m1 + m2)).
When m1 = m2 and θ = 30°, the wedge gains 1/2 the gravitational potential energy lost by the rod.
The rod's speed u is given by: u = √(2gh/(m1 + m2)).
The rod's acceleration is given by: a = g/(m1 + m2).

Bulldozer Track Speed

The driving wheel of a bulldozer has a diameter of 1.0 m and rotates once in 0.84 s.
The mud stuck to the top side of the track moves past the observer at a speed of approximately 3.7 m/s.

Connected Beams and Sphere

Three connected beams AB, BC, and CD, of lengths ℓ, 2ℓ, and ℓ respectively, rest on a smooth sphere.
AB and BC form an obtuse angle.
The angle can be calculated using geometry.

DC Power Supply

A DC power supply has an internal resistance.
This resistance reduces the terminal voltage when a load resistor is connected.
The internal resistance can be calculated by measuring the open circuit voltage and the voltage drop with a load resistor.

Constant Current Device

A constant current device maintains a constant current regardless of the voltage applied.
A moving coil voltmeter measures voltage by drawing a small sample of current.
The voltage applied to the device can be determined by accounting for the voltmeter's current draw.

Balloon Inflation

The pressure required to inflate a spherical balloon increases as the balloon expands.
The pressure difference between the inside and outside of the balloon is given by: Pin – Pout = 2C(1 – (r0/r)^6)/r.
The constant C has dimensions of [kg]/[m^2][s^2].
The maximum pressure occurs at the radius rp, given by: rp = (6/5)^1/6 r0.
The work done in blowing up the balloon can be estimated using the area under the pressure-volume curve.

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Description

Test your understanding of fundamental physics concepts including tyre rotations, sound wave interference, and objects in free fall. This quiz covers various principles of motion, pressure in liquids, and rotational dynamics. It's an ideal way to reinforce your knowledge of these intriguing topics.