Physics Concepts and Principles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The physical quantity which is equal to the change in momentum of the body is known as ______.

Impulse

As the depth from the surface of the earth increases, the value of acceleration due to gravity ______.

Decreases

The property of the liquids due to which there exists a force between the moving layers in contact is called ______.

Viscosity

An increase in temperature of gas filled in a container would lead to ______ in sound waves in air.

Increase Signup and view all the answers

Draw the position time graph for the motion with a) positive acceleration b) zero acceleration

A position-time graph plots the position of an object over time. For a positive acceleration, the graph will be a curve that is sloping upward. For zero acceleration, the graph will be a straight line. Signup and view all the answers

State and explain triangle law of vector addition.

The triangle law of vector addition states that if two vectors are represented by two sides of a triangle taken in order, then the third side of the triangle, taken in the opposite order, represents the resultant of the vectors. If two sides of a triangle are taken to represent two vectors in the direction of the arrows, the third side of the triangle is the resultant vector. The resultant is equal to the sum of the two vectors. This also proves that if two vectors are represented by two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then the diagonal of the parallelogram starting from the common point of the two vectors represents the sum of the two vectors. Signup and view all the answers

Show that $P = F * v$ with usual notations.

P is momentum, F is Force, and v is velocity. Signup and view all the answers

Write the two conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body.

The two conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body are: 1. The sum of the forces acting on that body must be equal to zero. 2. The sum of the moments of the forces acting on the body about any point must be equal to zero. Signup and view all the answers

State and explain Newton's universal law of gravitation.

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that every particle in the Universe attracts every other particle with a force that is: proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Signup and view all the answers

Write the Clausius and Kelvin-Planck's statement of 2nd law of thermodynamics.

The Clausius statement states "It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and whose sole effect is to transfer heat from a cooler body to a hotter body." Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by mean free path? Mention an expression for mean free path of a gas molecule.

The mean free path (l) is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions with other molecules in a gas. The expression for the mean free path of a gas molecule is: $l = 1/(√2 * π * d^2 * n)$ Signup and view all the answers

Write the Displacement equation for SHM and explain the symbols.

The displacement equation for SHM is: x = A sin(ωt + Φ) Signup and view all the answers

Give any two differences between transverse and longitudinal waves.

Transverse waves and longitudinal waves differ in the direction of vibration. Transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of propagation, while longitudinal waves have vibrations parallel to the direction of propagation. Signup and view all the answers

Check the correctness of the equation $F = (mv^2)/r$ using dimensional analysis, where the symbols have their usual meaning.

In dimensional analysis, we can check the correctness of an equation by ensuring that the dimensions on both sides of the equation are the same. On the left side, Force (F) has the dimensions of $MLT^{-2}$ (mass × length × time⁻²). On the right side, $(mv^2)/r$ has dimensions of $(MLT^{-1})^2/L$, which simplifies to $MLT^{-2}$. Therefore, both the left and right sides of the equation have the same dimensions. This verifies the correctness of the equation $F = (mv^2)/r$ using dimensional analysis. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Part I: Multiple Choice

Beats are the result of destructive interference of two waves of nearly equal frequencies.

Part II: Fill in the Blanks

Impulse is the physical quantity equal to the change in momentum of a body.
Acceleration due to gravity decreases with increasing depth from the Earth's surface.
Viscosity is the property of liquids where there's a force between moving layers in contact.
An increase in temperature of a gas increases its kinetic energy.
Sound waves in air are longitudinal.

Part III: Answer any Five Questions

Position-time graphs: A position-time graph shows the position of an object at different times. A positive acceleration graph would show a curve increasing at a faster rate, while a zero acceleration graph would show a straight line.
Triangle Law of Vector Addition: The resultant of two vectors can be found by placing the tail of the second vector at the head of the first vector. The line joining the tail of the first vector to the head of the second vector represents the resultant vector.
P = F ⋅ v: The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force in the direction of velocity.
Equilibrium conditions of a rigid body: The sum of the forces acting on the body must be zero, and the sum of the torques acting on the body must be zero.
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation: The force of attraction between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Clausius and Kelvin-Planck statements of the 2nd law of thermodynamics: The Clausius statement says that it is impossible to construct a device that operates only by transferring heat from a colder body to a hotter body without any other effect. Kelvin-Planck statement says it is impossible to construct a cyclically operating device that solely converts heat into work without any other effects.
Mean free path: The mean distance a molecule travels between collisions. An expression for mean free path involves the density of gas molecules, the size of the molecule, the temperature, etc.
Displacement equation for SHM: The equation describes the displacement of a Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) object at any time with constants representing the features of the motion.
Differences between transverse and longitudinal waves: Transverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Part IV: Answer any Five Questions

Dimensional analysis of F = mv²/r : A calculation is needed to verify if the equation's dimensions on both sides are consistent.

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Description

Test your understanding of key physics concepts including waves, impulse, gravity, viscosity, and sound waves. This quiz also covers graphical representations and vector addition. Challenge yourself with multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, and short answer questions!