Physics Concepts and Principles Quiz

The superposition of two waves with slightly different frequencies, resulting in a periodic variation in amplitude.

Change in momentum of a body. It is a vector quantity.

Decreases. The force of gravity decreases as you move away from Earth's center.

The property of a liquid that causes a force between its layers when they are in motion relative to each other.

Increases. Kinetic energy is proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.

Longitudinal waves. The particles in the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

A graph that shows the position of an object over time. For positive acceleration, the slope of the graph increases, indicating increasing speed. For zero acceleration, the graph is a straight line, indicating constant speed.

The resultant of two vectors is the diagonal of a parallelogram formed by the two vectors. It states that the resultant of two vectors is the vector that completes the triangle formed by the two vectors.

Power is the rate at which work is done, and it can be expressed as the product of force and velocity.

A rigid body is in equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on it are both zero. These conditions ensure that the body remains at rest or continues to move at constant velocity.

Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

Clausius statement: Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder to a hotter body. Kelvin-Planck statement: No thermodynamic process can be devised whose sole effect is the conversion of heat completely into work.

The average distance a molecule travels between collisions. Mean free path is inversely proportional to the number density of molecules and the collision cross-section.

The equation for displacement in simple harmonic motion (SHM) is: x = A * sin(ωt + φ), where x is the displacement, A is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, t is time, and φ is the phase constant.

Transverse waves have particles vibrating perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, while longitudinal waves have particles vibrating parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

The equation F = mv^2/r is dimensionally incorrect. The left side has dimensions of force (MLT^-2) and the right side has dimensions of mass times velocity squared divided by radius (ML^2T^-2/L = MLT^-2).

Constructive interference occurs when two waves combine to produce a larger amplitude. The waves are in phase.

Destructive interference occurs when two waves combine to produce a smaller amplitude. The waves are out of phase.

A phenomenon that occurs when a wave passes through an opening or around an obstacle, causing the wave to spread out.

The process of adding two or more waves together to create a new wave.

The product of the mass of a body and its velocity.

A force that causes an object to move in a circular path.

The rate at which work is done. It is equal to the work done per unit time.

The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

The energy an object possesses due to its position.

The transfer of heat energy from a hotter object to a colder object.

A form of energy transfer that involves the movement of electromagnetic waves. Examples include sunlight and heat from a fire.

The process of heat transfer that occurs when two objects at different temperatures are in direct contact.

The flow of heat energy through a fluid (liquid or gas).

A thermodynamic system that exchanges both heat and matter with its surroundings.

A thermodynamic system that exchanges only heat with its surroundings.

A thermodynamic system that does not exchange any heat or matter with its surroundings.

The tendency of a physical system to remain in a state of equilibrium.

A force that opposes the motion of an object.

The ratio of the distance covered by an object to the time taken.

The rate of change of velocity. It is a vector quantity.