Physics Concepts and Calculations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for the maximum power rating of a Zener diode?

The formula is $P_{max} = V_z imes I_z$, where $V_z$ is the Zener voltage and $I_z$ is the Zener current.

Calculate the minimum pressure required to force blood from the heart to the top of the head (50 cm) assuming blood density is 1.04 g/cm³.

The minimum pressure is approximately $0.5 ext{ N/cm}^2$.

What are magnetic lines of force?

Magnetic lines of force are imaginary lines that represent the strength and direction of a magnetic field.

Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength for an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 100 volts.

<p>The de-Broglie wavelength is approximately $0.012 ext{ nm}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define a thermodynamic process.

<p>A thermodynamic process is a transformation that occurs between different states of a system involving heat and work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation for magnetic field produced by current I in a coil of radius R with N turns at the center?

<p>The magnetic field $B = \frac{\mu_0 N I}{2R}$ at the center of the coil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the null point in a Wheatstone's meter bridge experiment obtained in the middle third portion of the wire?

<p>It is recommended to achieve maximum sensitivity and accuracy in measuring resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define binding energy.

<p>Binding energy is the energy required to separate particles that are bound together in a nucleus or molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the coefficient of absorption.

<p>The coefficient of absorption quantifies how much energy from a wave is absorbed by a medium per unit distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum relative permeability of the given metal composition?

<p>The maximum relative permeability is calculated to be 1.26.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Mayer's relation?

<p>Mayer's relation states that the molar specific heat at constant pressure is greater than that at constant volume by the amount of the gas constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the minimum Zener current with the given parameters in a Zener regulator.

<p>The minimum Zener current is 0.1 A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define electrostatic potential energy of point charges.

<p>Electrostatic potential energy is the work done to assemble a system of point charges from infinity to their positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of solar cells?

<p>Advantages of solar cells include renewable energy production and low environmental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain surface tension and its SI unit.

<p>Surface tension is the property of a liquid's surface that makes it behave like a stretched elastic membrane; its SI unit is Newton per meter (N/m).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do bodies emitting radiant energy not cool down to 0 K?

<p>Bodies do not cool to 0 K because they can always absorb thermal energy from their surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the bridge be placed to divide the wire into two segments with fundamental frequencies in the ratio 1:2?

<p>The bridge should be placed at a point where the lengths of the two segments are in the ratio of 1:4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a common base transistor with a DC current gain of 0.98, what is the value of the current amplification factor?

<p>The current amplification factor is 0.98.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the refractive index, and what is its value for vacuum?

<p>The refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to that in a medium. The value of the refractive index of vacuum is 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the relation for total inductance in series and parallel combinations of inductors.

<p>In series, $L_{total} = L_1 + L_2 + ... + L_n$; in parallel, $\frac{1}{L_{total}} = \frac{1}{L_1} + \frac{1}{L_2} + ... + \frac{1}{L_n}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Derive the conditions for constructive and destructive interference in terms of phase difference assuming the relation for path difference.

<p>Constructive interference occurs when the phase difference is $0, 2\pi, ...$, while destructive interference occurs at phase differences of $\pi, 3\pi, ...$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field due to a power line carrying 90 A 1.5 m below it?

<p>The magnitude is $\approx 1.2 \times 10^{-5} T$ directed in a circular pattern around the wire, following the right-hand rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold frequency, and how can it be explained based on Einstein's postulate?

<p>The threshold frequency is the minimum frequency of light required to eject electrons from a material's surface. According to Einstein's photoelectric equation, if the photon energy is less than the work function, no electrons are emitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Geiger-Marsden experiment and state its observations.

<p>The Geiger-Marsden experiment involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil. It observed that most alpha particles passed through, while a small fraction was deflected at large angles, suggesting a dense nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Maximum Power Rating of a Zener Diode

The maximum power that can be dissipated by a Zener diode without causing damage.

Gauge Pressure

The pressure difference between the inside of a closed container and the atmospheric pressure surrounding it.

Interference

The phenomenon where two or more waves interact and produce a resulting wave with a different amplitude and/or phase.

Binding energy

The binding energy represents the energy required to break apart the nucleus of an atom into its constituent protons and neutrons.

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AC Generator

A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a coil in a magnetic field.

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Admittance

The reciprocal of impedance, measured in Siemens (S).

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Photocell

A device that converts light energy into electrical energy.

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Zener Diode

A semiconductor device that maintains a constant voltage across its terminals, even when the current flowing through it varies.

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Coefficient of absorption

The ratio of the intensity of the sound wave absorbed by the material to the intensity of the incident sound wave.

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Coefficient of reflection

The ratio of the intensity of the sound wave reflected by the material to the intensity of the incident sound wave.

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Coefficient of transmission

The ratio of the intensity of the sound wave transmitted through the material to the intensity of the incident sound wave.

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Magnetic susceptibility

The ability of a material to be magnetized, defined as the ratio of magnetization (M) to the strength of the magnetizing field (H).

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Relative permeability

The ratio of the magnetic flux density (B) within a material to the magnetizing field strength (H) applied to it. It indicates how much stronger the magnetic field inside the material becomes compared to the applied field.

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Specific heat

The ability of a material to store energy in the form of heat when the temperature is increased without changing its state.

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Molar specific heat

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree.

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Surface tension

The ability of a liquid to resist an external force that tends to deform its surface, causing it to contract and minimizing its surface area.

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What is refractive index?

The ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in a medium. It is a dimensionless quantity.

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Where to place a bridge to divide a wire into segments with a 1:2 frequency ratio?

The fundamental frequency of a wire segment is inversely proportional to its length. To achieve a 1:2 ratio of frequencies, the bridge should be placed at 1/3rd the length of the wire from one end, creating segments with a length ratio of 1:2.

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Find the value of current amplification factor for a common base transistor

The current amplification factor, also known as β, is the ratio of collector current to base current in a common base transistor configuration. It is calculated as β = IC/IB where IC is the collector current and IB is the base current. For a given transistor, the β value is generally a constant for a given base current.

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Inductors in Series

The total inductance of inductors connected in series is the sum of the individual inductances: Ltotal = L1 + L2 + L3 + ... + Ln.

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Inductors in Parallel

The total inductance of inductors connected in parallel is calculated as the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual inductances: 1/Ltotal = 1/L1 + 1/L2 + 1/L3 + ... + 1/Ln.

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Conditions for Constructive and Destructive Interference

Constructive interference occurs when the path difference between two waves is an integral multiple of the wavelength (Δx = nλ), leading to a phase difference of 0° or 360°. Destructive interference occurs when the path difference is an odd multiple of half the wavelength (Δx = (n + 1/2)λ), resulting in a phase difference of 180°.

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Calculate the magnetic field due to a current-carrying wire

In a horizontal wire carrying a current, the magnetic field lines form concentric circles around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the right-hand thumb rule. Using Biot-Savart's law, the magnetic field strength (B) at a distance (r) below the wire is given by B = (μ₀ * I) / (2π * r) where μ₀ is the permeability of free space.

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Explain the experimental observation of threshold frequency

The threshold frequency (ν₀) is the minimum frequency of light required to eject electrons from a metal surface. It is experimentally observed that no photoelectrons are emitted below this frequency, regardless of the intensity of the light. Einstein explained this by postulating that light consists of quantized energy packets called photons, and the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency (E = hν, where h is Planck's constant). Electrons can only be ejected if the energy of the photon exceeds the work function of the metal (the minimum energy required for an electron to escape). If the frequency of light is below the threshold frequency, the energy of the photons is not enough to overcome the work function, hence no electrons are emitted.

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Study Notes

1 Mark Questions

  • Zener Diode Power Rating Formula: The formula for the maximum power rating of a Zener diode is not provided. The question asks for the formula but does not present it.
  • Blood Pressure: The minimum pressure required to force blood to the top of the head, neglecting friction, is calculated using the blood density (1.04 g cm⁻³) and vertical distance (50 cm).
  • Magnetic Lines of Force: Magnetic lines of force are described but not defined in detail.
  • de Broglie Wavelength: The de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a 100-volt potential difference is calculated.
  • Thermodynamic Process: A thermodynamic process is defined but not described deeply.
  • Magnetic Field: The relationship for the magnetic field produced by a current in a coil of a given radius and number of turns is defined at its center.
  • Wheatstone Bridge: The null point is obtained in the middle one-third portion of the wire in a Wheatstone bridge experiment to ensure an accurate measurement.
  • Binding Energy: Binding energy is defined but not described in further detail.
  • AC Generator: An AC generator is defined but not deeply described
  • Magnetic Induction: The magnetic induction at a point 10 cm away from a wire carrying a 5 A current is calculated using the given permeability constant (μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ Wb/A m).
  • Admittance: Admittance is defined, but lacks a detailed description.
  • Work Done: The question asks in which scenarios more work will be done, but does not provide the cases.

2 Mark Questions

  • Gauge Pressure: Gauge pressure is explained but not defined in detail.
  • Interference: Interference is defined, and examples are expected, but not provided.
  • End Correction of a Pipe: The end correction of a pipe closed at one end is expressed in terms of the equation.
  • Gas Pressure Change: The pressure change when molecule masses and speeds change is calculated.
  • Capacitance: Capacitance is calculated when a potential difference is established between two conductors after a transfer of electrons.
  • Wheatstone Bridge Applications: Applications of wheatstone bridges are listed but not described.
  • Resistor Connections: The differences in effective resistances when resistors are connected in series and parallel are explained.
  • Moving Coil Galvanometer Conversion to Voltmeter: Modifications needed to convert a moving coil galvanometer to a voltmeter are mentioned.
  • Magnetic Dipole Moments: The effect of magnetic dipole moment on the angular oscillation period is noted.

3 Mark Questions

  • Blackbody Copper Sphere: The rate of energy supply needed for a black copper sphere to maintain a constant temperature is calculated.

  • Threshold Frequency: The experimental observations on threshold frequency related to Einstein's postulates are described.

  • String and Revolving Body: The frequency and linear velocity required for a revolving body attached to a string is determined from given parameters.

  • Ideal Gas Compression: Calculations for a series of tasks involving an ideal gas compression are described.

  • Photocell Applications: Applications of photocells are listed briefly.

  • Zener Diode Applications: Applications of Zener diodes are listed, but not detailed.

  • Surface Energy Units: The SI and CGS units for surface energy are noted.

  • Frequency Ratio for Stretched Sonometer Wire: The wire placement to achieve a frequency ratio is determined.

  • Current Gain (Common Base Transistor): The current amplification factor is found using given data.

  • Refractive Index: The refractive index and its value in a vacuum are described.

  • Inductance: The inductance per unit length of a solenoid is derived.

  • Parallel Resonant Circuit: Parallel resonant circuit conditions and resonant frequency expression are outlined.

  • Displacement in SHM: The expression for the displacement of a particle in simple harmonic motion is derived.

  • Magnetic Field Acting on Bar Magnet: The torque exerted on a bar magnet by a uniform magnetic field is calculated.

  • Viscosity Units: The relationship between CGS and SI units for viscosity is calculated .

  • Energy Release in Alpha Decay: The energy release in the alpha decay of a given isotope is calculated.

  • Capacitive Circuit Power: The average power dissipated in a purely capacitive circuit is determined.

  • Rolling Cylinder Energy: The total energy of a rolling cylinder is calculated.

  • Blackbody Cooling: A physical explanation involving radiant energy is provided.

  • X-Ray Photon Energy: The maximum energy of a photon in the radiation produced by an X-ray tube is calculated.

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Physics 12th Important Question Bank PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various physics concepts and calculations ranging from Zener diodes to thermodynamics. This quiz covers topics including magnetic fields, binding energy, and electrostatics, challenging you to apply these principles in problem-solving scenarios.

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