Physics Class on Length, Motion, and Forces

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Questions and Answers

Which instrument is specifically designed to measure very small distances?

Ruler

Analogue clock

Micrometer screw gauge (correct)

Measuring cylinder

What happens to the water level in a measuring cylinder when an irregular object is submerged?

It remains the same.

It decreases.

It bubbles.

It rises. (correct)

Which of the following is an accurate definition of speed?

Average distance over a long time period.

Rate of change of position.

Distance traveled divided by time taken. (correct)

Total distance without regard to time.

If the acceleration of an object is zero, what does this imply about its velocity?

The object is moving at a constant speed. Signup and view all the answers

In a distance-time graph, what does a horizontal line represent?

Stationary object. Signup and view all the answers

How should units be converted when calculating average speed using kilometers and hours?

Distance should be converted to meters and time to seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative gradient on a distance-time graph indicate?

The object is returning to its starting point. Signup and view all the answers

What does the acceleration of free fall near the Earth indicate?

It is constant for all objects, regardless of their mass. Signup and view all the answers

What determines stable equilibrium for an object hung from a suspension point?

The centre of mass below the point of suspension. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a scalar quantity?

Distance Signup and view all the answers

How is momentum defined mathematically?

Momentum = mass × velocity Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of conservation of momentum state during a collision?

Total momentum before is equal to total momentum after. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines impulse?

Impulse = Force × Time Signup and view all the answers

In an elastic collision, what remains conserved?

Momentum and energy are both conserved Signup and view all the answers

What is the recoil speed of the gun, if a 10g bullet is fired at a speed of 100ms−1?

0.1 ms−1 Signup and view all the answers

Energy can be transferred between which of the following forms?

Kinetic, gravitational potential, and chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's first law state regarding the motion of an object?

An object continues moving in a straight line at constant speed unless acted on by a force. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship described by Newton's second law?

Force is equal to mass times acceleration. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the resultant force on a falling object when it reaches terminal velocity?

The resultant force becomes zero. Signup and view all the answers

How does friction affect the motion of an object?

It impedes motion and can generate heat. Signup and view all the answers

According to Hooke's law, what is the correct formula for the force applied to a spring?

F = kx Signup and view all the answers

In the context of circular motion, what is true about the object's velocity?

The speed remains constant while the direction changes. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during elastic deformation of a material?

The material returns to its original shape after the force is removed. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of plastic deformation?

The material does not return to its original shape. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of renewable energy?

Hydro-electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of renewable energy sources compared to non-renewable sources?

More intermittent supply Signup and view all the answers

How is pressure in fluids defined mathematically?

$p = F/A$ Signup and view all the answers

What does a barometer measure?

Atmospheric pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pressure as depth increases in a liquid?

Pressure increases Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding non-renewable energy sources?

They will eventually run out. Signup and view all the answers

In a U-tube manometer, what does the difference in height of mercury between the two sides indicate?

Pressure difference Signup and view all the answers

What does a larger area result in when comparing pressure applied to a surface?

Lower pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating gravitational potential energy?

𝐸𝑝 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines efficiency?

The ratio of useful work done to total energy supplied Signup and view all the answers

How is power defined in the context of energy transfer?

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would increase the efficiency of a system?

Reducing waste output Signup and view all the answers

What is the work done when a force of 10 N moves an object 5 m?

50 J Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source is considered non-renewable?

Nuclear energy Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gravitational potential energy as an object falls?

It decreases and becomes thermal energy Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario can energy be transferred through heating?

When electric current flows through a resistor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Length and time

A ruler is used to measure lengths between 1mm and 1m
The volume of an irregular object can be measured by placing it in a measuring cylinder full of water and measuring the rise in water level
A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure very small distances
Analogue and digital clocks are used to measure time intervals.
An average value for a small distance can be found by measuring multiples.

Motion

Speed is distance traveled per unit time
Speed is changing means acceleration
The acceleration of free fall near the Earth is constant
Distance is measured in mm, cm, m or km and time in ms, s, minutes or hours
Velocity is speed in a given direction

Forces

Newton's first law states that an object maintains a constant velocity unless acted on by a resultant force
Newton's second law states that force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's third law states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force
Friction is a force impeding motion and causing heating
Air resistance is a form of friction
The resultant of forces acting on the same line are added when in the same direction and subtracted when in opposite directions
A force moving an object in a circle with constant speed, results in acceleration towards the center of the circle

Deformation

Elastic deformation is when an object returns to its original shape after a load is removed
Plastic deformation is when an object does not return to its original shape after a load is removed
Hooke's law states that for a spring, force equals spring constant times extension

Scalars and vectors

A vector has a magnitude and a direction. A scalar has just a magnitude
Vectors can be represented by arrows
The resultant of two vectors can be graphically determined by placing them head-to-tail

Momentum

Momentum is the product of mass and velocity
Impulse is the product of force and time, equal to the change in momentum
In a collision, total momentum before equals the total momentum after (law of conservation of momentum)
In elastic collisions, total kinetic energy before equals the total kinetic energy after

Energy, work and power

Energy can be transferred between different forms including kinetic, gravitational potential, chemical, elastic potential, nuclear and internal energy as a result of an event or process
Work done equals force times distance
Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done
Energy is always conserved. The total energy before is equal to the total energy after
The efficiency of a system is the ratio of useful work done to the total energy supplied.

Energy sources

All energy on Earth is originally from the Sun, with the exception of geothermal, nuclear and tidal energy
Renewable energy sources are replenished as quickly as they are used.
Non-renewable energy are used more for large-scale energy supplies.
Non-renewable energy sources are becoming less popular due to scarcity and environmental harm.
The original source of energy released in fossil fuels is the Sun.
Energy from nuclear power stations is released through nuclear fission, while energy from the Sun is released through nuclear fusion.

Pressure

Pressure in fluids causes a net force at right angles to any surface
Pressure equals force divided by area
Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer
The pressure beneath a liquid surface increases with depth and density.

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Description

Test your understanding of fundamental physics concepts related to length, motion, and forces. This quiz covers measurement techniques, the laws of motion, and Newton's laws concerning force and acceleration. Perfect for reinforcing basic physics principles in a classroom setting.