Questions and Answers
What is the rate of change of displacement?
What is the unit of force, according to Newton's second law?
What is the sum of kinetic and potential energies?
What is the rate of change of angular displacement?
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What is the energy of motion?
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What is the ratio of output energy to input energy?
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Study Notes
Kinematics
- Displacement: Change in position of an object (Δx = x2 - x1)
- Velocity: Rate of change of displacement (v = Δx / Δt)
- Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity (a = Δv / Δt)
- Motion graphs: Position-time, velocity-time, and acceleration-time graphs
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Equations of motion:
- v = u + at
- s = ut + (1/2)at^2
- v^2 = u^2 + 2as
Dynamics
- Force: Push or pull that causes an object to change its motion
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Newton's laws:
- First law: Inertia - an object at rest remains at rest, an object in motion remains in motion
- Second law: F = ma (force is equal to mass times acceleration)
- Third law: Action and reaction forces are equal and opposite
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Types of forces:
- Gravity (Fg = mg)
- Friction (Fs = μN)
- Normal force (Fn = mg)
- Tension (Ft =?)
Energy and Work
- Kinetic energy: Energy of motion (K = 1/2mv^2)
- Potential energy: Energy of position (U = mgh)
- Total energy: Sum of kinetic and potential energies (E = K + U)
- Work: Force applied over a distance (W = Fs)
- Efficiency: Ratio of output energy to input energy (η = W_out / W_in)
Rotational Motion
- Angular displacement: Change in angle of an object (Δθ = θ2 - θ1)
- Angular velocity: Rate of change of angular displacement (ω = Δθ / Δt)
- Angular acceleration: Rate of change of angular velocity (α = Δω / Δt)
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Rotational kinematics equations:
- ω = ω0 + αt
- θ = ω0t + (1/2)αt^2
- ω^2 = ω0^2 + 2αθ
Oscillations and Waves
- Simple harmonic motion: Periodic motion with a constant amplitude (A) and frequency (f)
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Types of waves:
- Mechanical waves (require a medium)
- Electromagnetic waves (do not require a medium)
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Wave properties:
- Amplitude (A)
- Frequency (f)
- Wavelength (λ)
- Speed (v)
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Description
Test your understanding of physics fundamentals, including kinematics, dynamics, energy, rotational motion, oscillations, and waves. Review concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, Newton's laws, and more.
