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Questions and Answers
What is the total suggested time for Section A of the examination?
What is the total suggested time for Section A of the examination?
Which section of the examination consists of Short Answer questions?
Which section of the examination consists of Short Answer questions?
How many minutes are recommended for attempting the Matching/Fill in the blanks section?
How many minutes are recommended for attempting the Matching/Fill in the blanks section?
What must students include in their answers for numerical questions?
What must students include in their answers for numerical questions?
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What is necessary for answers that require description or explanation?
What is necessary for answers that require description or explanation?
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What should students do with the booklet at the end of the assessment?
What should students do with the booklet at the end of the assessment?
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How are students advised to manage their time across the three sections?
How are students advised to manage their time across the three sections?
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What does the instruction of 'hand this booklet to the supervisor' imply for students?
What does the instruction of 'hand this booklet to the supervisor' imply for students?
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Which property of light explains why the pen appears bent when seen in a glass of water?
Which property of light explains why the pen appears bent when seen in a glass of water?
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As a toy car rolls down a slope, which type of energy is transformed into kinetic energy?
As a toy car rolls down a slope, which type of energy is transformed into kinetic energy?
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What type of energy is primarily lost due to friction while the toy car travels down the slope?
What type of energy is primarily lost due to friction while the toy car travels down the slope?
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In an optical apparatus, how is the term 'dispersion' best described?
In an optical apparatus, how is the term 'dispersion' best described?
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Which type of energy is primarily associated with the motion of the toy car as it rolls down the slope?
Which type of energy is primarily associated with the motion of the toy car as it rolls down the slope?
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Which optical apparatus is primarily used to magnify small objects?
Which optical apparatus is primarily used to magnify small objects?
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Which process explains the phenomenon of light bouncing off surfaces?
Which process explains the phenomenon of light bouncing off surfaces?
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What role does air resistance play in the motion of the toy car down the slope?
What role does air resistance play in the motion of the toy car down the slope?
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What effect does yellow light have on the appearance of the red roses?
What effect does yellow light have on the appearance of the red roses?
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What color do the green leaves appear when illuminated by cyan light?
What color do the green leaves appear when illuminated by cyan light?
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When white light shines on the rose bunch, how does the color of the rose bunch appear?
When white light shines on the rose bunch, how does the color of the rose bunch appear?
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Which statement is true regarding the effect of colored light on objects?
Which statement is true regarding the effect of colored light on objects?
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What color will the red roses appear under yellow light?
What color will the red roses appear under yellow light?
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What is the correct classification of a black brick wall?
What is the correct classification of a black brick wall?
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Which statement correctly defines an opaque substance?
Which statement correctly defines an opaque substance?
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Why does a black brick wall appear black under white light?
Why does a black brick wall appear black under white light?
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What happens when a ray of light hits a clear glass?
What happens when a ray of light hits a clear glass?
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What characteristic of a white shiny tile wall allows it to appear white under white light?
What characteristic of a white shiny tile wall allows it to appear white under white light?
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In a ray diagram showing reflection, which angle must be labeled at the point of incidence?
In a ray diagram showing reflection, which angle must be labeled at the point of incidence?
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What is the purpose of labeling the normal in a ray diagram?
What is the purpose of labeling the normal in a ray diagram?
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How do light rays behave when entering a human eye for a person with normal eyesight?
How do light rays behave when entering a human eye for a person with normal eyesight?
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Which of the following cannot be a unit of speed?
Which of the following cannot be a unit of speed?
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How long would it take a dog to run 100 m at a constant speed of 5.0 m/s?
How long would it take a dog to run 100 m at a constant speed of 5.0 m/s?
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Which statement about friction is NOT correct?
Which statement about friction is NOT correct?
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Which set of colours correctly states the primary colours of light?
Which set of colours correctly states the primary colours of light?
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What phenomenon causes a pen to appear bent when placed in a glass of water?
What phenomenon causes a pen to appear bent when placed in a glass of water?
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What is the calculated speed of the dog if it took 20 seconds to run 100 m?
What is the calculated speed of the dog if it took 20 seconds to run 100 m?
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Which force opposes the motion of an object sliding on a surface?
Which force opposes the motion of an object sliding on a surface?
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What type of energy is primarily converted to heat due to friction?
What type of energy is primarily converted to heat due to friction?
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Study Notes
Speed
- Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
- Units of speed include metres per minute, centimetres per second, and kilometres per second
- Seconds per metre is not a unit of speed
Distance, Speed and Time
- The formula for calculating speed is Speed = Distance / Time
- To calculate the time it takes to travel a certain distance, the formula can be rearranged to Time = Distance / Speed
Friction
- Friction is a force that acts between two surfaces in contact.
- Friction can cause objects to slow down.
- Friction can be useful (e.g. allowing us to walk) or a nuisance (e.g. wear and tear on car brakes).
- When friction occurs, energy is converted into heat.
Light
- White light is a mixture of different colours of light.
Primary and Secondary Colours
- Primary colours of light cannot be created by mixing other colours.
- The primary colours of light are red, blue, and green.
Refraction
- When light travels from one medium to another (e.g. from air to water) it bends. This is called refraction.
Potential Energy
- Potential Energy is stored energy.
Kinetic Energy
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Energy Transformation
- Energy can be transformed from one form to another.
- As a car travels down a slope, gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
- Some energy is lost due to friction (e.g. between tyres and the road), which is dissipated as heat energy.
Optical Apparatus
- Common optical apparatus include:
- Concave lens
- Convex lens
- Mirrors
- Prisms
Concave and Convex Lenses
- Concave lenses are thinner at the centre and thicker at the edges. They cause light to diverge (spread out).
- Convex lenses are thicker at the centre and thinner at the edges. They cause light to converge (focus).
Concave and Convex Mirrors
- Concave mirrors curve inward. They can focus light rays.
- Convex mirrors curve outward. They can diverge light rays.
Uses of Optical Apparatus
- Concave lenses are used in telescopes and some types of glasses.
- Convex lenses are used in magnifying glasses, cameras, and microscopes.
- Mirrors are used in telescopes, reflecting surfaces, and as part of optical instruments.
- Prisms are used to change the direction of light and split white light into its component colors.
Human Eye
- The human eye is a complex organ that allows us to see.
- The components of the eye include:
- Cornea
- Iris
- Pupil
- Lens
- Retina.
Functions of the Eye
- The cornea is a transparent, protective outer layer of the eye.
- The iris controls the size of the pupil, which allows light to enter the eye.
- The lens focuses light onto the retina.
- The retina contains light-sensitive cells that convert light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.
How Light Travels Through the Eye
- Light rays from an object enter the eye and are refracted by the cornea and lens.
- These rays then converge on the retina.
Opaque, Translucent, and Transparent Materials
- Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through them.
- Translucent materials allow some light to pass through them, but the light is scattered so you cannot see clearly through them.
- Transparent materials allow light to pass through them easily, so you can see clearly through them .
Reflection
- When light strikes a surface, it is reflected off the surface.
- The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray (incoming ray) and the normal (a line perpendicular to the surface).
- The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected ray (outgoing ray) and the normal. They always are equal.
Coloured Object and Light
- The colour of an object is observed because some colours of light are absorbed by the object, while others are reflected.
- For example, a red rose reflects red light and absorbs other colours.
- When a yellow light is shone on the red rose, only yellow light is reflected, so the rose appears yellow.
- When a cyan light is shone on the red rose, cyan light is absorbed by the rose, making it look black.
- Green leaves reflect green light and absorb other colours.
- When a yellow light is shone on green leaves, the green light is absorbed, and the rose appears black.
- When a cyan light is shone on green leaves, the leaves appear green.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts from physics, focusing on speed, distance, time, friction, and light. You'll explore the relationships between these topics and how they interact in various scenarios. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of basic physical principles.
