Physics Chapter on Vectors and Motion

Vectors and Scalars

• Vectors have both magnitude and direction, like velocity.
• Scalars have only magnitude, like speed.

Categorizing Physical Quantities

• Velocity is a vector quantity.
• Speed is a scalar quantity.

Linear Motion

• Displacement is the change in position of an object in a specific direction.
• Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

Instantaneous vs. Average Velocity

• Instantaneous Velocity is the velocity at a specific instant.
• Average Velocity is the total displacement divided by the total time.

Describing Motion with Linear Motion Graphs

• Displacement-Time Graphs have a slope representing velocity.
• Velocity-Time Graphs have a slope representing acceleration.

Newton's Laws of Motion

• Forces on an Object include gravity, normal force, friction, and tension.
• Newton's First Law states that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net force.
• Newton's Second Law states that force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
• Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Free-Body Diagrams

• Construction of a free body diagram involves illustrating all forces acting on an object.

Resultant Force in One Dimension

• Net Force is the sum of all forces in the direction of motion.

Momentum

• Momentum is mass times velocity.
• Impulse is the change in momentum.
• Conservation of Momentum states that in a closed system, total momentum before and after a collision is conserved.

Elastic vs. Inelastic Collisions

• Elastic Collisions conserve total kinetic energy.
• Inelastic Collisions do not conserve kinetic energy; objects may stick together.

Energy

• Mechanical Work is force applied over a distance.
• Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.
• Gravitational Potential Energy is the energy due to height above a reference point.

Elastic vs. Inelastic Collisions

• Elastic Collisions involve objects bouncing off each other, conserving kinetic energy.
• Inelastic Collisions result in some kinetic energy being lost as heat or sound during the collision.

Test your understanding of vectors and scalars along with concepts of linear motion, including velocity, displacement, and acceleration. This quiz will also cover Newton's laws and how to interpret motion graphs. Prepare to deepen your grasp of basic physics principles!