Physics Chapter on Projectile Motion

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Questions and Answers

What term describes the acceleration experienced by an object in uniform circular motion?

Tangential acceleration

Radial acceleration

Centrifugal acceleration

Centripetal acceleration (correct)

What is the period of revolution for a satellite orbiting the Earth at a radius equal to the Earth's radius plus the altitude?

It is always 1 hour.

It can be determined using the formula $T = 2rac{\pi r}{v}$. (correct)

It is independent of the radius.

It equals the altitude of the satellite.

If a satellite is at an altitude of 150 km, what affects its speed in orbit?

The Earth's radius and free fall acceleration (correct)

The height of the satellite above sea level only

The initial throw angle of the ball

The mass of the satellite only

How does centripetal acceleration relate to free fall acceleration for a satellite in orbit?

Centripetal acceleration equals the free fall acceleration at that altitude. Signup and view all the answers

What must be true about the speed of a basketball thrown at an angle of 60° to score a basket?

It must be sufficient to reach the maximum height of the basket. Signup and view all the answers

What describes the path of a projectile when neglecting air resistance?

A parabola Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile is true?

Vertical and horizontal motions are independent of each other. Signup and view all the answers

If a package is released horizontally from an airplane flying at 400 km/h from a height of 2 km, how does the initial vertical velocity compare?

It is zero. Signup and view all the answers

What remains constant during the motion of a projectile in horizontal motion?

Horizontal velocity Signup and view all the answers

How can the time of flight of a projectile be determined when released from a height?

By analyzing the vertical distance and acceleration due to gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation for horizontal range R of a projectile returning to y = 0?

R is determined by initial velocity and time of flight. Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing projectile motion, what role does air resistance play?

It can alter both the trajectory and range. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the vertical motion of a projectile when released from a height?

It accelerates downward due to gravity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vector Components

The rectangular components of a vector A, Ax and Ay, can be found using sine and cosine.

Projectile Motion

Objects thrown into the air are projectiles.
Near the Earth's surface, we assume constant downward acceleration due to gravity and negligible air resistance.
Horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile are independent.
The trajectory of a projectile is a parabola.

Horizontal Motion of a Projectile

The horizontal velocity component (vx◦) remains constant throughout the motion.
Horizontal velocity (vx) and horizontal position (x) are described by:
- vx = vx◦
- x = vx◦t

Vertical Motion of a Projectile

Vertical motion is similar to free fall.
Vertical velocity (vy) and vertical position (y) are described by:
- vy = vy◦ - gt
- y = vy◦t - ½gt²

Horizontal Range of a Projectile

Horizontal range (R) is the distance traveled when the projectile returns to y = 0 after time t = T.
The range can be calculated by:
- R = vx◦T
The time of flight (T) can be calculated by:
- T = 2vy◦/g

Example 1: Airplane and Package

An airplane flying horizontally at 400 km/h releases a package 2 km above the ground.
The initial velocity of the package is the same as the airplane's velocity.
The time of flight of the package is determined by the vertical distance it falls.
The horizontal distance covered by the package is the same as the distance covered by the airplane in the same time.

Example 2: Basketball Player

A basketball player throws a ball at a 60° angle above the horizontal.
The initial speed needed to score is calculated using the horizontal range and the equations of motion.

Uniform Circular Motion

A particle moving in a circle with a constant speed experiences uniform circular motion.
The acceleration in uniform circular motion arises from the change in direction of the velocity vector.
Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration associated with uniform circular motion.

Period of Revolution

The period (T) is the time taken for one complete revolution around the circle.
It is calculated by:
- T = 2πr/v

Example 1: Satellite Orbiting Earth

A satellite orbits Earth at an altitude of 150 km.
The orbital speed is calculated using the centripetal acceleration equation.
The period of the orbit is determined by the orbital speed and the radius of the orbit.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to projectile motion, including vector components, horizontal and vertical motion, and the trajectory of projectiles. Test your understanding of how objects move under the influence of gravity and learn to calculate their ranges and velocities.