Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct SI unit for pressure?
Which of the following is the correct SI unit for pressure?
- Pound per square inch (psi)
- Pascal (Pa) (correct)
- Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
- Atmosphere (atm)
What type of pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum?
What type of pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum?
- Gauge pressure
- Absolute pressure (correct)
- Atmospheric pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure
According to Pascal's Law, how is pressure applied to a confined fluid transmitted?
According to Pascal's Law, how is pressure applied to a confined fluid transmitted?
- It is transmitted only in the direction of the applied force.
- It is diminished in all directions.
- It is transmitted equally throughout the fluid. (correct)
- It is converted into kinetic energy within the fluid.
Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
In a fluid, what happens to the pressure as depth increases?
In a fluid, what happens to the pressure as depth increases?
Which principle explains the upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid?
Which principle explains the upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid?
In hydraulic systems, how is force amplified based on Pascal's Law?
In hydraulic systems, how is force amplified based on Pascal's Law?
Besides depth, which other factor directly affects pressure in a static fluid?
Besides depth, which other factor directly affects pressure in a static fluid?
Flashcards
What is pressure?
What is pressure?
Pressure is a physical quantity that describes the magnitude of a force applied over a given area. It is a scalar quantity.
What is the SI unit of pressure?
What is the SI unit of pressure?
The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), which is equal to one newton per square meter (N/m²).
What is absolute pressure?
What is absolute pressure?
Absolute pressure is the pressure measured relative to a perfect vacuum. It is always a positive value.
What is gauge pressure?
What is gauge pressure?
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What is Pascal's Law?
What is Pascal's Law?
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What is Archimedes' Principle?
What is Archimedes' Principle?
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What are pressure gradients?
What are pressure gradients?
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How are hydraulic systems used?
How are hydraulic systems used?
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Study Notes
Definition and Units
- Pressure is a physical quantity describing the magnitude of force applied over a given area.
- It is a scalar quantity.
- The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), which equals one newton per square meter (N/m²).
- Other units include millimeters of mercury (mmHg), atmospheres (atm), and pounds per square inch (psi).
Types of Pressure
- Absolute pressure: Pressure relative to a perfect vacuum; always positive.
- Gauge pressure: Pressure relative to atmospheric pressure; can be positive or negative.
- Atmospheric pressure: Pressure exerted by Earth's atmosphere.
Factors Affecting Pressure
- Force: Greater force equals greater pressure (constant area).
- Area: Smaller area equals greater pressure (constant force).
- Depth: In fluids, pressure increases with depth.
- Density: Fluid pressure is directly proportional to fluid density.
Pressure in Fluids
- Pascal's Law: Pressure in a confined fluid is equally transmitted in all directions.
- Archimedes' Principle: Submerged objects experience an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of displaced fluid.
- Pressure variation with depth: Fluid pressure at a depth is proportional to the depth and fluid density.
- Hydrostatic pressure: Pressure exerted by a resting fluid due to its weight.
Measuring Pressure
- Barometers: Measure atmospheric pressure.
- Manometers: Measure gas or liquid pressure; various types for different ranges.
Applications of Pressure
- Hydraulic systems: Use Pascal's Law to amplify forces (e.g., car brakes, jacks).
- Pneumatic systems: Use compressed gases to transmit forces and pressures (e.g., air brakes, air tools).
- Fluid flow: Pressure affects fluid flow rate and velocity in pipes and channels.
- Medical applications: Blood pressure measurement is vital for cardiovascular health.
Other Important Concepts
- Pressure gradients: Pressure differences driving fluid flows.
- Compressibility: Ability of a fluid or solid to change volume with pressure changes; liquids are nearly incompressible, gases are compressible.
- Vapor pressure: Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid/solid phase at a given temperature.
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