Physics Chapter on Motion & Speed

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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for average velocity given initial velocity 'u' and final velocity 'v'?

$\frac{v - u}{t}$

$\frac{u - v}{t}$

$\frac{u + v}{2}$ (correct)

$uv$

Which of the following statements about acceleration is correct?

Acceleration can be zero only if velocity is constant.

Acceleration is always positive regardless of the motion.

A body can accelerate even if moving at constant speed in a circular path. (correct)

Negative acceleration is always due to a decrease in speed.

If a body has uniform acceleration, how does its velocity change?

It alternates between increasing and decreasing uniformly.

It changes by variable amounts in equal time intervals.

It remains constant throughout the motion.

It changes by equal amounts in equal time intervals. (correct)

What is the SI unit for acceleration?

meters per second squared (m/s²) Signup and view all the answers

What does a straight line on a distance-time graph indicate?

The body is moving with uniform speed. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes negative acceleration?

A decrease in velocity over time. Signup and view all the answers

In the formula for acceleration, which variable represents the final velocity?

v Signup and view all the answers

How would you categorize the acceleration of a car that speeds up while turning a corner?

Non-uniform acceleration Signup and view all the answers

How is distance defined in the context of an object's motion?

The total length of the actual path traversed Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about displacement is true?

It is always less than or equal to distance. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes uniform motion?

Equal distances covered in equal time intervals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes non-uniform motion?

Variable distances covered in equal time intervals Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between distance and displacement?

Distance can never be less than displacement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for speed?

Metre/second Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding relative motion?

An object can be at rest with respect to one object while in motion with respect to another. Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following situations would displacement be zero?

Both A and C are correct. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a body moving with uniform speed?

It covers equal distances in equal time intervals. Signup and view all the answers

How is average speed calculated?

Total distance travelled divided by total time taken. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes velocity from speed?

Velocity is a vector quantity while speed is a scalar quantity. Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is a body said to have non-uniform velocity?

When its speed is constant but direction changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the speed of a body moving with non-uniform speed?

It can still be calculated as an average. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about displacement and velocity is correct?

Both displacement and velocity can change at different rates. Signup and view all the answers

What does the unit of velocity and speed share?

Both use meter per second as the SI unit. Signup and view all the answers

When can a body have a zero velocity?

When it covers no distance over an interval of time. Signup and view all the answers

What does the slope of a velocity-time graph represent for a body in motion?

The body’s acceleration Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the distance travelled formula, what does the term 'OA × OC' represent?

The area of the rectangle in the distance-time graph Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly expresses the relationship between final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and time?

v = u + at Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the velocity-time graph of a body moving with non-uniform acceleration?

Any shape indicating variable speed Signup and view all the answers

What does the area under the velocity-time graph represent for a body in motion?

The distance travelled by the body Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three equations of motion for uniform acceleration?

s = vt - (1/2) t^2 Signup and view all the answers

What describes the motion of a body moving with uniform circular motion?

Uniform speed along a circular path Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship involving distance travelled, initial velocity, acceleration, and time squared?

s = ut + (1/2) at^2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motion

Rest: An object is at rest if its position does not change over time.
Motion: An object is in motion if its position changes over time.
Relative Motion: An object can be at rest relative to one thing and in motion relative to another at the same time.

Distance and Displacement

Distance: The length of the actual path traveled by an object during motion. It's a scalar quantity.
Displacement: The shortest distance between an object's initial and final positions. It's a vector quantity.
Distance vs. Displacement: Distance can never be zero or negative, while displacement can be positive, zero, or negative. Distance travelled will never be less than the displacement.

Uniform and Non-uniform Motion

Uniform Motion: An object travels equal distances in equal intervals of time, regardless of how small the intervals are.
Non-uniform Motion: An object travels unequal distances in equal intervals of time.

Speed

Speed: The distance travelled by a body in unit time. Its SI unit is meters per second (m/s).
Uniform Speed: A body covers equal distances in equal time intervals.
Non-uniform Speed: A body covers unequal distances in equal time intervals.
Average Speed: The total distance travelled divided by the total time taken.

Velocity

Velocity: The distance travelled by a body in unit time in a given direction. Its SI unit is meters per second (m/s).
Uniform Velocity: A body travels in a straight line, covering equal distances in equal time intervals.
Non-uniform Velocity: A body covers unequal distances in a particular direction in equal time intervals or if the direction of motion changes.
Average Velocity: The arithmetic mean of the initial and final velocity when velocity changes uniformly over time.

Acceleration

Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
Calculating Acceleration: (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity) / Time Taken
Units of Acceleration: Meters per second squared (m/s²)
Positive Acceleration: Velocity increases.
Negative Acceleration (Retardation): Velocity decreases.
Uniform Acceleration: Velocity increases or decreases by equal amounts in equal intervals of time.
Non-uniform Acceleration: Velocity changes by unequal amounts in equal intervals of time.

Distance-Time Graphs

Uniform Speed: Distance-time graph is a straight line.
Non-uniform Speed: Distance-time graph is a curved line.
Speed from Slope: The slope of the distance-time graph represents the speed of the object.

Velocity-Time Graphs

Uniform Velocity: Velocity-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis.
Displacement/Distance: The area enclosed by the velocity-time graph and time axis represents the distance or displacement.
Uniform Acceleration: Velocity-time graph is a straight line inclined to the time axis.
Acceleration from Slope: The slope of the velocity-time graph represents the acceleration.
Non-uniform Acceleration: Velocity-time graph has any shape.

Equations of Motion

For Uniform Acceleration:
- v = u + at
- s = ut + (1/2) at²
- v² - u² = 2as
Variables:
- u: initial velocity
- v: final velocity
- a: acceleration
- t: time
- s: distance

Uniform Circular Motion

Definition: When a body moves along a circular path at a constant speed.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in physics related to motion, including definitions of rest, motion, distance, displacement, and types of motion. Dive into uniform and non-uniform motion as well as the distinction between speed and velocity to test your understanding of these fundamental principles.