Physics Chapter on Motion and Forces

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of acceleration?

a=Δv/t (correct)

a=v/t

a=Ft/m

a=F/m

What is instantaneous velocity?

vx=vo+at (correct)

vx=v/t

vx=d/t

vx=0

What is the displacement function?

Δd=vot

Δd=at^2

Δd=vot+1/2at^2 (correct)

Δd=vf^2-vi^2/2a

What is the equation for velocity without time?

vx^2=vo^2+2aΔd Signup and view all the answers

What is the second law of motion?

F=ma Signup and view all the answers

How is friction defined?

f=μN Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for centripetal acceleration?

ac=v^2/r Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for momentum?

p=mv Signup and view all the answers

What does impulse mean?

Δp=Ft Signup and view all the answers

What is linear kinetic energy?

K=1/2mv^2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the work-energy theorem state?

ΔE=W Signup and view all the answers

What is the work equation?

W=Fdcosθ Signup and view all the answers

What is general power defined as?

P=ΔE/t Signup and view all the answers

What is mechanical power?

P=W/t Signup and view all the answers

What is the rotational displacement function?

θ=θo+ωot+1/2αt^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is instantaneous rotational velocity?

ω=ωo+αt Signup and view all the answers

What is the displacement for harmonic motion?

x=Acos(2πft) Signup and view all the answers

What is angular acceleration?

α=Στ/I Signup and view all the answers

What is net torque?

Στ=Iα Signup and view all the answers

How is torque defined in relation to force?

τ=rFsinθ Signup and view all the answers

What is angular momentum?

L=Iω Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for change in angular momentum?

ΔL=τt Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for rotational kinetic energy?

K=1/2Iω^2 Signup and view all the answers

What does Hooke's Law state?

Fs=kx Signup and view all the answers

What is spring potential energy?

Us=1/2kx^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for density?

ρ=m/V Signup and view all the answers

What is gravitational potential energy?

ΔUg=mgΔy Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for period with angular velocity?

T=2π/ω Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for period with frequency?

T=1/f Signup and view all the answers

What is the period of a spring?

Ts=2π√m/k Signup and view all the answers

What is the period of a pendulum?

Tp=2π√l/g Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal gravitation formula?

Fg=Gm1m2/r^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is weight in physics?

g=Fg/m Signup and view all the answers

What is gravitational acceleration for any planet?

g=GM/r^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is electrical force?

Fe=kq1q2/r^2 Signup and view all the answers

How is current defined in terms of charge?

I=Δq/Δt Signup and view all the answers

What is resistivity?

R=ρl/A Signup and view all the answers

What is Ohm's Law?

I=V/R Signup and view all the answers

What is electrical power formula?

P=IV Signup and view all the answers

What is resistance in series?

Rs=R1+R2+...Rn Signup and view all the answers

What is resistance in parallel?

1/Rp=1/R1+1/R2+...1/Rn Signup and view all the answers

What is wavespeed?

λ=v/f Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for time to fall?

t=√2h/g Signup and view all the answers

What is the x-component of velocity?

vx=vocosθ Signup and view all the answers

What is the y-component of velocity?

voy=vosinθ Signup and view all the answers

What is the net force for an elevator?

ΣF=Fs+-mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight parallel to the incline?

W//=Wsinθ Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight perpendicular to the incline?

W-I=Wcosθ Signup and view all the answers

What does the area under a F vs. x graph represent?

work Signup and view all the answers

What does the area under a F vs. t graph represent?

impulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical velocity at the top of a circle?

v=√gr Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum velocity on a road curve?

v=√rμg Signup and view all the answers

What is satellite velocity?

v=√GM/r Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acceleration and Velocity

Acceleration is defined by the formula ( a = \frac{Δv}{t} ).
Instantaneous velocity is expressed as ( v_x = v_0 + at ).

Displacement and Motion

Displacement can be calculated using the equation ( Δd = v_0t + \frac{1}{2}at^2 ).
For velocity without time, use ( v_x^2 = v_0^2 + 2aΔd ).

Forces and Friction

Newton’s second law states ( a = \frac{F}{m} ), relating force, mass, and acceleration.
Friction is given by ( f = μN ), where ( μ ) is the coefficient of friction and ( N ) is the normal force.

Momentum and Energy

Momentum is defined as ( p = mv ).
Impulse, representing the change in momentum, can be calculated by ( Δp = Ft ) or ( Δp = mΔv ).
The linear kinetic energy formula is ( K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 ).

Work and Power

The work-energy theorem states ( ΔE = W ), highlighting the relationship between work and energy.
Work can be calculated as ( W = Fd \cos(θ) ).
General power is expressed as ( P = \frac{ΔE}{t} ) and mechanical power as ( P = \frac{W}{t} ).

Rotational Motion

Rotational displacement is given by ( θ = θ_0 + ω_0t + \frac{1}{2}αt^2 ).
The angular acceleration formula is ( α = \frac{Στ}{I} ) and net torque is ( Στ = Iα ).
Torque in terms of force is calculated by ( τ = rF \sin(θ) ).
Angular momentum is defined as ( L = Iω ) and its change as ( ΔL = τt ).
Rotational kinetic energy is given by ( K = \frac{1}{2}Iω^2 ).

Energy in Elastic Systems

Hooke's Law describes the restoring force in springs as ( F_s = kx ).
The potential energy stored in a spring is calculated using ( U_s = \frac{1}{2}kx^2 ).

Density and Gravitational Concepts

Density is defined as ( ρ = \frac{m}{V} ).
Gravitational potential energy is calculated as ( ΔU_g = mgΔy ).

Periodic Motion

The period in terms of angular velocity is ( T = \frac{2π}{ω} ).
The period with frequency is ( T = \frac{1}{f} ).
The period of a spring is given by ( T_s = 2π\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}} ) and for a pendulum, ( T_p = 2π\sqrt{\frac{l}{g}} ).

Universal Gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation is expressed as ( F_g = \frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2} ).
Gravitational acceleration on any planet is calculated by ( g = \frac{GM}{r^2} ).

Electrical Concepts

The electrical force between charges is determined by ( F_e = \frac{kq_1q_2}{r^2} ).
Current in terms of charge is defined as ( I = \frac{Δq}{Δt} ).
Resistivity relates to resistance through ( R = \frac{ρl}{A} ).
Ohm’s Law states ( I = \frac{V}{R} ) relating current, voltage, and resistance.

Electrical Power and Circuits

Electrical power can be calculated using ( P = IV ).
Resistance in series is given by ( R_s = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n ).
In parallel circuits, resistance is determined by ( \frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n} ).

Wave Mechanics

Wavespeed is calculated using ( λ = \frac{v}{f} ).

Free Fall and Velocity Components

The time to fall from a height is ( t = \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}} ).
The x-component of velocity is ( v_x = v_0 \cos(θ) ) and y-component is ( v_{oy} = v_0 \sin(θ) ).

Forces in Elevators

The net force on an elevator is expressed as ( ΣF = F_s - mg ).

Critical Velocity

The critical velocity at the top of a circle is ( v = \sqrt{gr} ), while the maximum velocity on a road curve is ( v = \sqrt{rμg} ).
Satellite velocity is calculated using ( v = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}} ).

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in physics including acceleration, velocity, forces, and energy. This quiz covers essential equations and principles that illustrate the relationship between motion and physical forces. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge from the current chapter.