Physics Chapter on Heat and Energy

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Questions and Answers

What does temperature measure in a substance?

  • The average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance (correct)
  • The volume of the substance
  • The mass of the substance
  • The total energy of the substance

What is heat exchange?

  • The energy that moves from one object to another due to temperature differences (correct)
  • The transfer of heat from a solid to a liquid
  • The energy stored within an object
  • The energy produced by combustion

What happens during thermal equilibrium?

  • Heat continues to flow between two objects
  • Temperature differences increase
  • Objects absorb energy indefinitely
  • Objects reach a uniform temperature after heat exchange (correct)

Which of the following describes melting?

<p>Transition from solid to liquid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the energy stored in substances like fuels and food?

<p>Chemical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'power' in the context of energy?

<p>The rate of energy conversion over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is desublimation?

<p>Transition from gas to solid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'open system' characterized by?

<p>Exchange of heat with the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the place where a force acts on an object?

<p>Point of application (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy form is associated with the movement of electric particles?

<p>Electrical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'efficiency' refer to when discussing energy?

<p>The ratio of useful energy to wasted energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forces is created by a magnetic field?

<p>Magnetic force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of force is exerted by a flat surface to support an object resting on it?

<p>Normal force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force is primarily involved when two objects make direct contact and one object pulls the other?

<p>Pull and push force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is specifically designed to measure force?

<p>Dynamometer/force sensor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Force

A push or pull on an object, potentially changing its speed or shape

Point of application

The location on an object where a force acts

Vector arrow

A graphic representation of a force's magnitude and direction.

Dynamometer

Device used to measure force.

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Gravity

Earth's pull on objects.

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What is Chemistry?

The study of substances undergoing permanent changes.

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What is Physics?

The study of phenomena where substances remain unchanged.

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Energy

The ability of something to do work or deliver something.

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Energy Source

Anything that contains energy.

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Energy Form

The type of energy an energy source delivers.

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Temperature

A measure of how hot or cold something is. It reflects the average kinetic energy of particles within a substance. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move.

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Heat

The energy transferred between objects due to a temperature difference. It always flows from a hotter object to a colder one.

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Thermal Equilibrium

The final temperature reached after heat exchange between objects with different initial temperatures. They reach a state where no more heat transfer occurs.

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Melting

A phase change from a solid to a liquid, caused by an increase in temperature.

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Evaporation

A phase change from a liquid to a gas, caused by an increase in energy or temperature.

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Study Notes

Kraft

  • A magnitude that describes how strong or weak a force is, and how it can cause an object to change its shape or velocity.
  • A point where the force acts on an object, and is indicated by a thick dashed line.
  • Measured using a tool such as a dynamometer.

Point of Application

  • The exact location on an object where a force is applied.
  • Represented by a thick, dashed line.

Dynamometer/Force Sensor

  • A tool used to measure force.

Pull and Push Force

  • Forces that cause objects to move or change shape.
  • Forces that could cause objects to pull or push towards one another.

Magnetic Force

  • A force resulting from a magnetic field.

Spring Force

  • A force arising from tension in a spring.

Elastic Force

  • A force acting on an object when it is stretched or compressed.
  • An example would be a spring.

Gravity

  • The force of attraction between any two objects with mass.
  • The earth's pull on an object is called weight.

Normal Force

  • The force that prevents objects from falling through surfaces.

Friction Force

  • A resistant force between two surfaces in contact.
  • The force that resists movement.

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