Physics Chapter on Forces

A change in the state of motion of an object.

The direction in which a body is pushed or pulled.

Force can change an object's speed, direction, or state of rest.

A force applied to an object causing it to move away from the source of the force.

A force applied to an object causing it to move towards the source of the force

When two or more objects affect each other.

The overall force acting on an object when multiple forces are present.

The way a force is pushing or pulling.

The unit for measuring force.

The combined effect of multiple forces acting on an object.

When forces act in the same direction, the resultant force is the sum of the individual forces.

When forces act in opposite directions, the resultant force is the difference between the forces and is in the direction of the larger force.

The strength of a force, measured in Newtons (N).

A force that occurs when two objects touch each other.

A force that acts on an object without direct physical contact.

A non-contact force that attracts or repels objects made of iron, cobalt, or nickel.

A non-contact force created by electric charges that attracts or repels objects.

Forces are classified into contact forces and non-contact forces.

The force that resists motion between surfaces in contact.

The force exerted by muscles in the body.

A force applied in the direction of motion makes an object move faster, while a force applied in the opposite direction slows it down.

A force can change the direction of a moving object.

A force can change the shape or size of an object.

Activities like running, walking, jumping, lifting, kicking, pushing, and pulling utilize muscular force.

A force that pulls objects towards each other due to their mass. It is always attractive and acts between all objects with mass. The Earth's gravity pulls us downwards.

The force with which gravity pulls an object towards the center of the Earth. It depends on the object's mass and the strength of the gravitational field.

A fundamental principle in fluid mechanics stating that pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point within the fluid.

The force acting perpendicularly on a given surface area. It is calculated by dividing the force by the area.

Newton per square meter (N/m²) or Pascal (Pa).

Pressure = Thrust / Area

The greater the force, the greater the pressure.

A small force applied to a nail creates high pressure due to the small area of the nail head.

Pressure decreases as the area of contact increases.

Pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.

The smaller the area, the greater the pressure for the same force. Think of how a pin creates more pressure than a flat surface.

Broad feet increase contact area with the sand, reducing pressure and preventing the camel from sinking.

Wide tires increase contact area, reducing pressure on the ground, preventing sinking.

Pressure in liquids increases as depth increases. The deeper you go, the greater the weight of the liquid column above pushing down.

A U-shaped tube filled with liquid, often water or mercury, used to measure the pressure of a gas or liquid.

A device that uses a balloon, funnel, tube, and manometer to demonstrate how pressure changes with depth in liquids.

The bouncing back of light rays when they strike a surface.

Pressure exerted by a liquid in all directions.

Long skis have a large cross-sectional area, distributing the weight over a larger surface, reducing pressure on the snow and allowing for easy gliding.

Drawing pins have a sharp end for concentrated pressure and a broad end to spread the force, making penetration into wood easier.

Connected tubes containing a liquid where the liquid level is the same in each tube due to the equal pressure exerted at the same depth.

Pressure within a liquid is consistent at the same depth and increases with depth from the surface.

Gases exert pressure on the walls of their container, similar to liquids, causing them to expand.

The pressure exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere.

Atmospheric pressure is affected by factors such as altitude (higher, lower pressure), temperature (warmer, lower pressure), and humidity (more humidity, higher pressure).

A balloon tied to a container with water will bulge when filled with water, indicating the pressure exerted by the liquid.

Atmospheric pressure holds water in an inverted glass covered with cardboard, demonstrating its supporting strength.

Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude due to less dense air.