Physics Chapter on Elasticity and Materials

The ability of a material to return to its original shape and size after an applied force is removed.

The ability of a material to deform permanently under an applied force. It does not return to its original shape after the force is removed.

The change in shape or size of a material due to an applied force. It can be either temporary (elastic) or permanent (plastic).

A solid object that has a definite shape and size. It is assumed to be perfectly rigid, but in reality, all solids deform to some extent under force.

The property of a material that defines its resistance to deformation. It determines how much a material will deform under a given force.

The restoring force per unit area of a deformed solid. It arises from the interatomic forces trying to bring the deformed object back to its original state.

The relative change in size or shape of a solid when subjected to an external force. It is a measure of deformation.

Stress acting perpendicular to the surface of a solid, arising from either pulling (tensile) or pushing (compressive) forces.

The relative change in length of a solid when subjected to longitudinal stress.

Stress acting parallel to the surface of a solid, arising from forces that cause a 'sliding' motion between layers of the object.

The relative displacement of adjacent layers of a deformable solid due to shearing stress.

The property of a solid object to return to its original shape and size after the deforming force is removed. This behavior is related to the interatomic forces.

A simplified model that represents the interatomic forces in a solid as springs connecting atoms, used to explain elastic behavior.

Internal force per unit area acting within a deformed body.

The relative change in length or shape of a material due to applied force.

Change in length of a material when subjected to a force pulling it apart.

Relative displacement of opposite faces of a material due to a force pushing it sideways.

The force exerted on a solid object per unit area, acting perpendicular to its surface.

The force exerted on a solid object per unit area acting parallel to its surface, causing a change in its shape.

Uniform compression applied to a solid object from all sides, often by fluid pressure.

The relative displacement of opposite faces of a material due to a force pushing it sideways, calculated as the tangent of the angle of displacement divided by the length of the object.

The point at which a material starts to deform permanently, even after the force is removed.

The ratio of stress to strain in a material under tensile or compressive force.

The maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking.

The maximum force per unit area that a material can withstand before yielding (permanent deformation).

The force applied per unit area of a material.

The ratio of the change in volume of a material to its original volume.

A relationship between stress and strain where they are directly proportional for small deformations.

The point on the stress-strain curve where a material starts to deform permanently.

The maximum stress a material can withstand before it breaks.

The region on the stress-strain curve where the material behaves like an elastic body and returns to its original shape after the force is removed.

The region on the stress-strain curve beyond the yield point where the material deforms permanently.

The ability of a material to withstand stress without breaking, also called toughness.

The change in length of a material under stress.

A wire that is used as a reference point in an experiment involving Young's Modulus. It helps compensate for changes in temperature.

A wire used to measure Young's Modulus in an experiment. It is subjected to a tensile force.

A setup used to determine Young's Modulus of a wire. It involves two wires, one as a reference and one for the experiment.

A measure of how much a material's volume changes under pressure. It's the ratio of stress to strain in a hydraulic compression.

The fractional change in volume of a material when subjected to hydrostatic pressure. It represents how much a material compresses under pressure.

The ratio of shearing stress to shearing strain, representing the material's resistance to twisting or shearing forces.

A material's resistance to changes in volume when subjected to uniform pressure from all sides. It's a measure of how incompressible the material is.

The decrease in volume of a material divided by its original volume under hydraulic pressure. It's a measure of how much the volume shrinks relative to its original size.

The force per unit area acting on the surface of a material when subjected to a uniform pressure from all sides. It's a measure of the pressure exerted on the material.