Physics Chapter on Current and Resistance

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Questions and Answers

Two charged objects attract each other with a certain force. If the charges on both objects are doubled with no change in separation, what will happen to the force between them?

  • quadruples (correct)
  • doubles
  • increases
  • halves

A current of 2 A flows through a conductor for 3 minutes. If the current is maintained for an additional 2 minutes, what will happen to the total charge transferred during these 5 minutes?

  • The total charge transferred will decrease to 8 C.
  • The total charge transferred will increase to 12 C.
  • The total charge transferred will remain at 6 C.
  • The total charge transferred will increase to 10 C. (correct)

If the conductor is replaced and the current is reduced to 2 A, but the time is increased to 30 minutes, which situation results in a greater total charge transferred?

  • Both situations transfer the same charge.
  • The situation with 4 A current for 10 minutes transfers more charge.
  • The situation with 2 A current for 30 minutes transfers more charge. (correct)
  • The situation with 4 A current for 10 minutes transfers less charge.

When two charges exert forces simultaneously on a third charge, the total force acting on that charge is the vector sum of the forces that the two charges would exert individually. This principle is known as the _____.

<p>superposition of forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A battery is connected to a resistor and a current of 0.5 A flows for 20 minutes. After 10 minutes, the current is increased to 1.0 A. What is the total charge transferred during these 20 minutes?

<p>15 C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two point charges, +4 μC and −6 μC are placed 8 m apart. A third charge, +2 μC is located 3 m away from q1 and 5 m away from q2​. What can be said about the direction of the net force on q3​?

<p>The net force on q3​points somewhere between q1​ and q2, depending on their relative force magnitudes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the current in a circuit is doubled while keeping the time constant, what will happen to the total charge transferred according to the equation Q= I × t?

<p>The total charge will double. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation Q = I × t represent in terms of electric current?

<p>The total amount of charge passing through a conductor in a given time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A spherical surface of radius r = 5 m surrounds a point charge q = +2 μC. If the radius of the spherical surface is doubled to r = 10 m, how does the electric flux through the surface change?

<p>The electric flux remains the same because it depends only on the enclosed charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A capacitor with a capacitance of 5 μF is charged to a voltage of 10 V, storing a charge of 50 µC. Suppose the capacitor is connected to a battery that maintains a constant voltage of 10 V, and a dielectric with a dielectric constant of 2 is inserted. What will happen to the charge, capacitance, and voltage across the plates?

<p>The capacitance increases to 10 µF, the charge increases to 100 µC, and the voltage remains at 10 V. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does not affect the strength of the electric field created by a point charge?

<p>The presence of other charges nearby. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 µF is charged to 6 V, storing a charge of 60 µC. Suppose a dielectric with a dielectric constant of 4 is inserted while the capacitor is disconnected from the power supply. What will happen to the charge, capacitance, and voltage across the plates?

<p>The capacitance increases to 40 µF, the charge remains the same at 60 µC, and the voltage decreases to 1.5 V. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between electric flux and the enclosed charge?

<p>Electric flux is directly proportional to the enclosed charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the electric field change as you move further away from a point charge?

<p>The electric field decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two resistors, one with a resistance of 10 Ω and the other with a resistance of 20 Ω, are connected in series to a 30 V battery. What is the total current flowing through the circuit?

<p>1 A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between electric potential and electric field?

<p>Electric potential is the integral of the electric field. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two resistors, one with a resistance of 10 Ω and the other with a resistance of 20 Ω, are connected in parallel to a 30 V battery. What is the total current flowing through the circuit?

<p>5 A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two resistors, one with a resistance of 10 Ω and the other with a resistance of 20 Ω, are connected in series to a 30 V battery, compared to the total current in the circuit when the resistors are connected in parallel to the same battery, the total current in the series circuit will be:

<p>less (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an object becomes charged by rubbing?

<p>Electrons are transferred from one object to another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)?

<p>The total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes charging by induction?

<p>Rearranging charges in an object without direct contact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wire has a resistance of 8 Ω. If the length of the wire is doubled while the cross-sectional area is halved, what will the new resistance be?

<p>32 Ω (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between charging by rubbing and charging by induction?

<p>Rubbing involves contact, while induction does not require direct contact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the length of a wire is halved and its cross-sectional area is doubled, how will the resistance of the wire change according to the relationship R=ρ L/A?

<p>The resistance will be quartered. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current flowing through a resistor with a resistance of 10 ohms and a voltage drop of 20 volts?

<p>2 A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two charges, +8.0 C and -6.0 C, attract each other with a force of 3.0 x 10^3 N in a vacuum. What is the distance between the charges?

<p>4.3 x 10^7 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in Ohmic materials, according to Ohm's Law?

<p>The current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two small charged objects, q1 = +5 μC and q2 = -3 μC, are placed 4m apart on a straight line to create an electric field for a sensor located at a point 2m from q1 and 2m from q2. What is the net electric field experienced by the sensor at this point?

<p>1.8 × 10^4 N/C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A current of 0.25A flows through a conductor for 2 hours, and the same current flows through another conductor for 5 hours. Which conductor experiences a greater total charge transfer?

<p>The conductor with 0.25 A for 5 hours transfers more charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A charge q0 = +1 μC is placed at the origin of a coordinate system. Two other charges, q1 = +2 μC and q2 = -3 μC are located at points (2 m, 0) and (0, 3 m), respectively. Which of the following is INCORRECT in determining the net force on q0 due to q1 and q2?

<p>Add the magnitudes of the forces due to q1 and q2 directly without considering their directions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A current of 4 A flows through a conductor for 10 minutes. How much charge flows through the conductor?

<p>2400 C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A battery has a terminal voltage of 12V. How much energy is transferred when a charge of 5C moves from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of the battery?

<p>60 J (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the distance from a point charge is doubled, what happens to the electric field strength?

<p>The electric field strength is halved. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the direction of the electric field created by a positive point charge.

<p>The electric field points radially outward from the charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the capacitance, charge, and electric field when a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor?

<p>The capacitance increases, the charge on the plates remains the same, and the electric field decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the electric field between two parallel plates connected to a battery?

<p>The electric field is uniform and points from the positive plate to the negative plate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are capacitors preferred for storing energy in camera flash units?

<p>Capacitors can release the stored energy quickly to generate a high-intensity flash. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the electric potential at a point due to a positive point charge?

<p>The electric potential is always positive at all points. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 µF is charged to a potential difference of 6 V. What is the charge stored on the capacitor?

<p>60 µC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between capacitance, charge, and voltage in a capacitor?

<p>Capacitance is directly proportional to charge and inversely proportional to voltage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between electric potential and distance from a charge?

<p>The electric potential is inversely proportional to the distance from the charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best explains why capacitors are important in signal processing applications?

<p>They filter out unwanted frequencies, allowing only the desired signal to pass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electric potential at a point halfway between two equal and opposite charges, +Q and -Q, separated by a distance?

<p>The electric potential is zero. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do capacitors contribute to the functioning of a filtering circuit in electronics?

<p>They allow high-frequency signals to pass through while blocking low-frequency signals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are capacitors used in timing circuits, like those in oscillators or clocks?

<p>To control the rate at which the circuit charges and discharges, determining the timing cycle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the distance between two charges is doubled, how does the electric potential energy of the system change?

<p>The electric potential energy is reduced by a factor of four. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are capacitors used in power supply circuits in electronic devices?

<p>To store and release electrical energy to smooth out fluctuations in voltage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the electric potential energy of a system of two charges if the distance between them is halved?

<p>The electric potential energy is quadrupled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Total current in series vs parallel

The total current in a parallel circuit is greater than in a series circuit due to lower total resistance.

Charge transfer by rubbing

Charge transfer occurs when electrons move from one object to another due to friction.

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

The total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction.

Charging by induction

Charging by induction involves rearranging charges in an object without direct contact.

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Effect of wire length on resistance

If the length of a wire is doubled and cross-sectional area is halved, resistance increases.

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Difference between rubbing and induction

Rubbing (friction) involves contact, while induction does not require direct contact.

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Resistance formula relationship

Resistance (R) is affected by length (L) and cross-sectional area (A) using R=ρL/A.

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Effect of halving wire length and doubling area

If the length of a wire is halved and its area is doubled, the resistance remains the same according to R=ρL/A.

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Ohm's Law

The relationship between current, voltage, and resistance: V = IR.

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Current (I)

The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).

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Resistance (R)

The opposition to the flow of current, measured in ohms (Ω).

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Electric Force

The force between two charges, calculated using Coulomb's law.

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Charge Transfer

The quantity of electric charge that passes through a conductor over time.

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Coulomb's Law

Describes the force between two charges: F = k * |q1*q2|/r².

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Net Electric Field

The total electric field experienced at a point due to nearby charges.

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Vector Addition

Combining quantities that have both magnitude and direction.

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Total Charge Transferred

The amount of electric charge that has moved through a circuit, calculated by Q = I × t.

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Coulomb's Principle

The principle that states charges exert forces on each other; the total force is the vector sum of individual forces.

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Current Increase Effect

Doubling the current while keeping time constant doubles the total charge transferred (Q = I × t).

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Force Between Charges

When the charges of objects are doubled, the force between them quadruples if distance remains constant.

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Current and Time Relationship

If you maintain a current for a longer time, the total charge transferred increases according to Q = I × t.

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Total Charge Calculation

The total charge transferred during different current scenarios can be found using cumulative current multiplied by time periods.

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Superposition of Forces

A concept stating that when multiple forces act on a charge, the net force is the vector sum of all individual forces.

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Charge Attraction

Two charges attract each other; the force between them is affected by their magnitudes and inversely by the distance separating them.

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Capacitance

Ability of a capacitor to store charge per unit voltage.

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Electric Field Strength Change

Electric field strength decreases by a factor of four when distance from charge doubles.

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Direction of Electric Field (Positive Charge)

Electric field created by positive charge points radially outward.

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Effect of Dielectric on Capacitor

Inserting a dielectric increases capacitance and decreases electric field strength.

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Nature of Electric Field Between Parallel Plates

Electric field between parallel plates is uniform and directed from positive to negative plate.

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Capacitors in Flash Units

Capacitors are used in cameras for quick release of stored energy.

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Electric Potential from Positive Charge

Electric potential due to a positive charge is always positive.

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Charge and Voltage Relationship

When capacitance increases, for the same charge, voltage decreases.

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Electric Potential

Electric potential decreases as distance from charge increases.

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Capacitors in Signal Processing

Capacitors filter out unwanted frequencies, allowing desired signals to pass.

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Electric Potential Between Charges

The electric potential halfway between +Q and -Q is zero.

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Capacitors in Filtering Circuits

Capacitors allow high-frequency signals to pass while blocking low frequencies.

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Capacitors in Timing Circuits

Capacitors control the timing cycle by managing charge and discharge rates.

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Electric Potential Energy and Distance

Doubling the distance between charges reduces potential energy by a factor of four.

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Capacitors in Power Supply Circuits

Capacitors smooth out voltage fluctuations by storing and releasing electrical energy.

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Capacitors and Current Control

Capacitors do not act as resistors but store energy and regulate current flow.

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Electric Flux

The total electric field passing through a surface.

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Q = I × t

Represents the total charge passing through a conductor over time.

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Effect of radius on Electric Flux

Electric flux remains the same when radius increases, depending only on charge.

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Capacitance with Dielectric

Inserting a dielectric increases capacitance and may change charge and voltage.

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Electric Field Strength

Strength depends on charge magnitude and distance, not external charges.

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Charge with Constant Voltage

With a constant voltage, capacitance increase leads to charge increase.

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Voltage Reduction with Dielectric

When a dielectric is added, the voltage decreases while charge stays the same.

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Disconnected Capacitor and Dielectric

When disconnected, inserting a dielectric increases capacitance, decreases voltage without charge change.

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Study Notes

Circuit Current and Resistance

  • Parallel Circuit Current: The total current in a circuit with resistors connected in parallel is greater than the current in a series circuit with the same resistors.
  • Series Circuit Current: The total current in a series circuit with resistors is the same as in a parallel circuit with the same resistors.
  • Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): The total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction.

Charging by Rubbing and Induction

  • Charging by Rubbing: Electrons transfer from one object to another when two objects are rubbed together.
  • Charging by Induction: Rearranging the charges in an object without direct contact.

Resistance and Wire Properties

  • Resistance Formula: Resistance (R) is equal to resistivity (ρ) times length (L) divided by area (A). (R = ρL/A)
  • Resistance Change: If the length of a wire doubles and its cross-sectional area is halved, the new resistance will be 4 times greater than the original resistance.

Calculating Electric Fields

  • Superposition Principle: To calculate the net electric field at a point due to multiple charges, use Coulomb's law to find the field vectors due to each charge, then add them using vector addition.

Relationship Between Resistance, Length, and Area

  • Resistance and Area: Resistance decreases as its cross-sectional area increases (inverse relationship).
  • Resistance and Length: Resistance increases as its length increases (direct relationship).

Ohm's Law

  • Ohm's Law: The current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. (I = V/R)
  • Example Application: A light bulb with a 12 Ω resistance connected to a 24 V power supply will have a current of 2 A flowing through it.

Charge Transfer

  • Charge Transfer Calculation: The total charge transferred (Q) is equal to the current (I) multiplied by the time (t). (Q = I × t)
  • Charge Transfer Comparison: The conductor with the current flowing for a longer duration will experience more charge transfer.

Electric Force and Distance

  • Force and Distance: The force between two charged objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Doubling the distance between the objects will decrease the force by a factor of four.

Capacitors in Circuits

  • Capacitors in Timing Circuits: Capacitors control the rate of charging and discharging in timing circuits, like those in oscillators or clocks
  • Capacitors in Power Supply Circuits: Capacitors smooth out fluctuations in voltage in power supply circuits.
  • Capacitor Charging: Capacitors store electrical energy and release it quickly to generate high-intensity flashes in a camera's flash unit, for example.

Electric Potential

  • Electric Potential at a Point: The electric potential at a point due to a positive point charge increases as the distance from the charge decreases.

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