ch10 physics
63 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the equation for rotational work when net torque is applied?

  • $net W = I \alpha + F$
  • $net W = \frac{1}{2} I \omega^2$
  • $net W = \frac{1}{2} mv^2$
  • $net W = I \alpha \theta$ (correct)

    • In the context of rolling cans, what determines the speed at which they roll down an incline?

  • The shape of the can
  • The height from which they start descending
  • The total mass of the can
  • The thickness of the soup inside the can (correct)

    • What does the term 'moment of inertia' quantify in rotational motion?

  • The angular speed of an object
  • The resistance to change of shape in an object
  • The distribution of mass relative to an axis (correct)
  • The total energy of the system

    • What happens to the kinetic energy of a can when it rolls down the ramp?

    <p>Part of it is used for rotational kinetic energy while the rest for translational kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do objects with the same mass roll down a hill at different rates if they are made of different materials?

    <p>Mass distribution changes the moment of inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation can be derived from the rotational kinematics that relates angular acceleration and angular displacement?

    <p>$\alpha \theta = \frac{\omega^2 - \omega_0^2}{2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the thin soup can rolls faster than the thick soup can down the incline?

    <p>The thin soup does not contribute to the can's rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angular acceleration if the angular velocity changes from 0 to 250 rpm in 5 seconds?

    <p>2.08 rad/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is linear velocity related to angular velocity and radius?

    <p>Linear velocity is calculated by multiplying angular velocity and radius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction is considered positive according to the sign convention for angular motion?

    <p>Counterclockwise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a child starts a merry-go-round from rest and begins to accelerate it, what condition describes the motion?

    <p>Angular acceleration is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a tornado with a diameter of 60.0 m, what must be determined to find its angular velocity?

    <p>The speed of the wind in km/h or m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to express angular acceleration?

    <p>rad/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a skater pulls in her arms, what happens to her angular velocity?

    <p>It increases due to reduced moment of inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the acceleration that occurs in the direction tangent to the circular path?

    <p>Linear or tangential acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula that relates torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration?

    <p>$\tau = I \alpha$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a yo-yo accelerates away from a stationary string at $1.50 , \text{m/s}^2$, what is the corresponding angular acceleration?

    <p>$0.428 , \text{rad/s}^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the moment of inertia of an object?

    <p>The sum of $m r^2$ for all point masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scenario where a father pushes a merry-go-round with a force of 250 N, which factor would NOT affect the angular acceleration produced?

    <p>Direction in which the force is applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tangential acceleration of a point on the edge of a yo-yo with an outside radius of 3.50 cm when the angular acceleration is known?

    <p>$0.121 , \text{m/s}^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the angular velocity of a yo-yo after 0.750 s if it starts from rest and has an angular acceleration of $0.428 , \text{rad/s}^2$?

    <p>$0.321 , \text{rad/s}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering dynamics of rotational motion, which equation accurately represents the relationship between force and angular behavior?

    <p>$F = m r \alpha$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which case would the moment of inertia of a merry-go-round NOT change?

    <p>When no one is on the merry-go-round</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does angular acceleration represent?

    <p>The change in angular velocity over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the angular velocity increases, what can be said about the angular acceleration?

    <p>It is positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true for an object in uniform circular motion?

    <p>It maintains a constant angular velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is linear acceleration related to angular motion?

    <p>It is tangent to the circle at the point of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a girl accelerates her bicycle wheel to 250 rpm in 5 seconds, how can angular acceleration be calculated?

    <p>By subtracting the initial velocity from final velocity, then dividing by time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to express angular acceleration?

    <p>rad/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the angular momentum when a skater pulls in her arms?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a tornado with a diameter of 60.0 m, what is required to find its angular velocity?

    <p>The radius and speed of wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does centripetal acceleration primarily affect in circular motion?

    <p>The direction of the velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tangential acceleration directly related to angular acceleration?

    <p>They are directly proportional when converted to linear measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for tangential acceleration given in circular motion?

    <p>$a_t = rα$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an object experiences an angular acceleration of 110 rad/s² for 2.00 seconds, what describes its change in angular velocity?

    <p>It will increase its angular velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does angular deceleration refer to in the context of a gyroscope slowing down?

    <p>A decrease in angular velocity over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you describe the relationship between linear acceleration and angular acceleration in rotational motion?

    <p>Linear acceleration increases with increasing angular acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of a higher angular velocity on tangential acceleration?

    <p>It increases tangential acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit or measure directly affects the tangential speed of a fishing line leaving a reel?

    <p>The radius of the line unwinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for rotational kinetic energy?

    <p>$\frac{1}{2} I \omega^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation for work done in rotational motion, what does the term $\tau$ represent?

    <p>Torque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When rolling down an incline, how does a can filled with thick soup behave compared to one filled with thin soup?

    <p>It rolls slower than the thin soup can.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines why cans of the same size and mass roll down an incline at different rates?

    <p>The density of the soup inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation $\omega^2 = \omega_0^2 + 2\alpha\theta$ describe in rotational kinematics?

    <p>The relationship between angular velocity and angular displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a force applied perpendicular to the radius of a rotating object?

    <p>It increases the angular acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the reason why potential energy is converted into kinetic energy when a can rolls down an incline?

    <p>Some of the potential energy is converted into rotational kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation for net work in rotational motion, which two quantities are multiplied?

    <p>$I$ and $\alpha$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the relationship between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy suggest when a can rolls down an incline?

    <p>Gravitational potential energy is converted into both translational and rotational kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is angular momentum defined in the context of rotating bodies?

    <p>Angular momentum is defined as the moment of inertia times the angular velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about torque and angular momentum is correct?

    <p>A net torque must be present to change angular momentum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must exist for angular momentum to remain constant?

    <p>The net torque acting on the object must be zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a hoop rolls down a hill starting from rest, what determines its final velocity?

    <p>The height of the hill and its mass affect the final velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations correctly describes the conversion of potential energy in a rolling object?

    <p>$mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + \frac{1}{2}Iω^2$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the angular momentum of an object?

    <p>The net torque required to start the object's motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does tidal friction have on Earth's rotation over a long period?

    <p>It exerts torque that gradually slows Earth's rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration expressed in the formula?

    <p>$\tau = I\alpha$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calculating the angular acceleration of a merry-go-round, which variable does NOT have a direct effect?

    <p>The speed of the wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tangential acceleration related to angular acceleration for a point on the edge of a rotating object?

    <p>$a_t = r\alpha$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences the moment of inertia of a given object?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a yo-yo has an external radius of 3.50 cm, and it experiences angular acceleration, what does the radius influence?

    <p>The moment of inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of applying a force of 250 N at the edge of a merry-go-round?

    <p>It produces angular acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the angular velocity of a yo-yo after time $0.750 , ext{s}$ if it starts from rest with a known angular acceleration?

    <p>It increases linearly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the equation of motion for rotational dynamics?

    <p>It incorporates torque and rotation parameters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Angular Acceleration

    • Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity.
    • The equation for angular acceleration is: α = ∆ω / ∆t
    • Units for angular acceleration are rad/s².
    • Positive α indicates increasing angular velocity, negative α indicates decreasing angular velocity.

    Rotational Inertia and Moment of Inertia

    • Rotational inertia (or moment of inertia) describes an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion.
    • Rotational inertia is analogous to mass in linear motion.
    • Moment of inertia I of an object is calculated as the sum of mr² for all point masses within the object.
    • Equation for moment of inertia: I = Σ mr²
    • Moment of inertia depends on the axis of rotation and the distribution of mass.

    Relationship Between Torque, Moment of Inertia, and Angular Acceleration

    • The relationship between these is similar to Newton's second law in linear motion.
    • The equation is: net τ = Iα
    • This equation is often written as: α = net τ / I

    Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia

    • Force applied to a point mass at a distance from a pivot point will result in an acceleration in the direction of the force.
    • The relationship between force, mass, radius, and angular acceleration is: F = mrα
    • Torque is the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot point.
    • For a force perpendicular to the radius, torque is: τ = Fr
    • Combining previous equations, we get: τ = mr²α

    Rotational Kinetic Energy

    • Work done to rotate an object is given by: net W = net τ θ
    • Work-energy theorem for rotational motion: net W = 1/2 Iω² - 1/2 Iω₀²
    • Rotational kinetic energy is defined as: KErot = 1/2 Iω²
    • Rotational kinetic energy represents the energy of an object due to its rotation.

    Why Don't All Objects Roll Downhill at the Same Rate?

    • Objects with different rotational inertia will roll down an incline at different rates.
    • Objects with higher rotational inertia will have slower linear speeds as more energy is used for rotational motion.
    • Objects with less rotational inertia will have faster linear speeds.
    • This is because gravitational potential energy is converted into both translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.
    • The relative amount of energy put into each form depends on the object's rotational inertia.

    Angular Acceleration

    • Angular acceleration, denoted by 'α', is the rate of change of angular velocity 'ω'.
    • The formula for angular acceleration is: α = ∆ω / ∆t.
    • Units of angular acceleration are rad/s².
    • Positive 'α' indicates an increase in 'ω', while a negative 'α' indicates a decrease in 'ω'.

    Tangential Acceleration

    • Tangential acceleration, denoted by 'at', is the linear acceleration of an object moving in a circular path, tangent to the circle at any point.
    • Tangential acceleration is related to changes in the magnitude of the velocity, but not its direction.
    • The relationship between 'at' and 'α' is: at = rα, where 'r' is the radius of the circular path.

    Kinematics of Rotational Motion

    • This describes the relationships between rotation angle ('θ'), angular velocity ('ω'), angular acceleration ('α'), and time.

    Moment of Inertia

    • Moment of inertia, denoted by 'I', is the rotational analog of mass (or inertia) in translational motion. It measures an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion.
    • The formula for the moment of inertia of a point mass is: I = mr², where 'm' is the mass and 'r' is the distance from the axis of rotation.
    • The general relationship between torque ('τ'), moment of inertia ('I'), and angular acceleration ('α') is: τ = Iα.

    Rotational Kinetic Energy

    • Rotational kinetic energy, denoted by 'KErot', is the energy an object possesses due to its rotation.
    • The formula for 'KErot' is: KErot = 1/2 I ω².

    Conservation of Angular Momentum

    • Angular momentum, denoted by 'L', is the rotational analog of linear momentum.
    • The formula for 'L' is: L = Iω.
    • The relationship between torque and angular momentum is: τ = ∆L / ∆t, which is the rotational form of Newton's Second Law.
    • For zero net torque, angular momentum is conserved (remains constant).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Chapter 10: Rotational Motion & Angular Momentum PDF

    Description

    Explore the concepts of angular acceleration and moment of inertia in this physics quiz. Understand the relationships between torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration through key equations and principles. Test your knowledge on how these concepts apply to rotational motion.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser