Physics Chapter Forces and Motion

Third Quarter Science SY 2024-2025

• This quarter's science curriculum covers various topics including forces, motion, heat transfer, and more.
• The content standards focus on analyzing forces, differentiating speed and velocity, understanding the particle model, and seeking renewable energy solutions.
• The learning competencies include identifying and describing balanced and unbalanced forces, drawing free-body diagrams, explaining the difference between distance and displacement, distinguishing between speed and velocity, understanding heat and temperature, and exploring heat transfer methods. Students will also be evaluating innovative heat-electricity conversion devices.

Contents

• Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
• Motion: Displacement and Velocity
• Distance-Time graphs
• Identifying and Controlling Variables
• Heat Transfer

Content Standards

• Scientists analyze forces to predict their effects on movement.
• Vectors differentiate the concepts of speed and velocity.
• Graphing motion provides accurate predictions about speed and velocity.
• The particle model explains natural systems and processes.
• Scientists conduct innovative research for renewable energy solutions.

Learning Competencies

• Identify that forces act between objects and are measurable.
• Identify and describe everyday situations demonstrating balanced and unbalanced forces
• Draw free-body diagrams to represent forces.
• Identify that unbalanced forces cause changes in speed or direction.
• Explain the difference between distance and displacement concerning reference points.
• Differentiate between speed and velocity using vector concepts.
• Describe uniform velocity using distance-time graphs.
• Explain the difference between heat and temperature.
• Identify advantageous and disadvantageous examples of conduction, convection, and radiation.
• Describe convection and conduction in terms of the particle model.
• Research and describe innovative devices that convert heat energy into electricity.

Learning Objectives (Force and Interaction)

• Identify forces acting between objects.
• Explain how forces affect object motion.
• Represent forces using force vectors.
• Understand the difference between contact and non-contact forces.

Types of Forces

• Contact Forces: These forces require direct physical contact between objects. Examples include:
  • Normal Force: Force exerted by a surface on an object.
  • Applied Force: Force exerted directly on an object.
  • Friction Force: Force that opposes motion when two surfaces contact.
  • Tension Force: A pulling force exerted by a stretched rope, string, or cable on an attached object.
  • Spring Force: Force present in springs, causing them to return to their original position.
• Non-Contact Forces: These forces act at a distance. Examples include:
  • Gravitational Force: Force exerted by massive objects on each other.
  • Electromagnetic Force: Force that can be attractive or repulsive between charged bodies.

Net Force

• The net force acting on an object determines its motion.
• When multiple forces act on an object, the net force is the vector sum of all the forces.

Steps in drawing free-body diagrams

• Determine the specific object.
• Isolate the object from its surroundings.
• Identify all forces acting on the object.
• Represent forces using arrows on a Cartesian plane, specifying angles if necessary
• Label all forces and double-check for complete representation.

Motion: Distance & Displacement

• Distance: The total length of the path an object travels. A scalar quantity.
• Displacement: The shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object. A vector quantity.

Motion: Speed & Velocity

• Speed: The rate at which an object covers distance. A scalar quantity.
• Velocity: The speed of an object in a given direction. A vector quantity.

Heat Transfer, Conduction

• Heat is transferred through direct contact between substances.
• Molecules transfer energy to adjacent molecules.
• Materials that conduct heat efficiently are called conductors.

Heat Transfer, Convection

• Heat is transferred through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
• Warm fluids rise; cool fluids sink, creating currents.

Heat Transfer, Radiation

• Heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves
• There is no direct contact between substances.

Formative Assessment (True or False)

• The provided questions deal with whether various statements about forces, heat, and motion are True or False.

Formative Assessment (Identify and Draw)

• This section asks about specific scenarios, requiring students to identify the forces involved and represent them using free-body diagrams.

Test your knowledge on contact forces, motion, and energy transformations with this quiz. Explore concepts such as speed, velocity, unbalanced forces, and types of heat transfer. Ideal for students studying physics!