Physics Chapter: Force and Pressure

Study Notes

A push or pull that causes an object to change its motion or shape
Measured in Newtons (N)
Can be contact or non-contact (e.g. gravity, friction)
Types of forces:
- External forces: act from outside the object (e.g. friction, normal force)
- Internal forces: act from within the object (e.g. tension, air pressure)

Force per unit area
Measured in Pascals (Pa)
Formula: Pressure = Force / Area
Types of pressure:
- Atmospheric pressure: pressure exerted by the air in the atmosphere
- Hydrostatic pressure: pressure exerted by a fluid (e.g. water, oil)
- Gas pressure: pressure exerted by a gas (e.g. air in a tire)

The product of an object's mass and velocity
Measured in kilogram-meters per second (kg·m/s)
Formula: Momentum = Mass × Velocity
Conservation of momentum:
- The total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time
- Momentum is transferred from one object to another during collisions
Types of momentum:
- Linear momentum: momentum of an object moving in a straight line
- Angular momentum: momentum of an object rotating around a fixed axis

A force is a push or pull that causes an object to change its motion or shape.
Force is measured in Newtons (N), with 1 N being the force required to accelerate a mass of 1 kg by 1 m/s².
There are two types of forces: contact forces (e.g. friction, normal force) and non-contact forces (e.g. gravity).
External forces act from outside the object, while internal forces act from within the object.

Pressure is the force per unit area, measured in Pascals (Pa).
The formula to calculate pressure is Pressure = Force / Area.
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the air in the atmosphere, while hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid (e.g. water, oil).
Gas pressure is the pressure exerted by a gas (e.g. air in a tire).

Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, measured in kilogram-meters per second (kg·m/s).
The formula to calculate momentum is Momentum = Mass × Velocity.
The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time.
During collisions, momentum is transferred from one object to another.
There are two types of momentum: linear momentum, which is the momentum of an object moving in a straight line, and angular momentum, which is the momentum of an object rotating around a fixed axis.