Physics Chapter: Circular Motion and Forces

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes centripetal force in comparison to centrifugal force?

It can be measured and is considered a real force. (correct)

It is an imaginary force experienced during motion.

It arises from the body's inertia.

It is always present when an object is moving. (correct)

Which statement correctly describes centrifugal force?

It remains constant regardless of the object's speed.

It is a real force that can be measured.

It acts towards the center of the circular motion.

It is felt as a push outward due to inertia. (correct)

In the theorem of parallel axes, which axis is primarily considered?

The axis that is not parallel to any others.

The axis through the entire mass of the object. (correct)

Any arbitrary axis of choice.

The axis that passes through the center of mass.

What is the correct formula for moment of inertia about axis A'B'?

$I_O = I_C + Mh^2$ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of an ideal fluid?

Viscous Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of pressure?

Pascal Signup and view all the answers

What condition applies to an ideal fluid regarding density?

Density remains constant. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is accurate about the flow of an ideal fluid?

The flow has no internal friction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cohesive force?

Attraction between the same type of molecule Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes turbulent flow compared to streamline flow?

The fluid may have rotational motion Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the fluid's motion that does not change over time?

Steady Signup and view all the answers

What type of acceleration is involved in uniform circular motion?

Centripetal acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the height of a liquid column and surface tension according to the capillary rise equation?

Height is directly proportional to surface tension Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes non-uniform circular motion?

Magnitude of centripetal acceleration varies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies an application of Pascal's Law?

The operation of hydraulic brakes in a vehicle Signup and view all the answers

In non-uniform circular motion, if the particle’s speed increases, how do the direction of acceleration and angular velocity relate?

They are in the same direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for centripetal force?

$mw^2r$ Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that the flow is streamline?

All streamlines are parallel to the axis of the tube Signup and view all the answers

Centrifugal force is characterized by which of the following?

It acts outward and is considered a fictitious force. Signup and view all the answers

What does Bernoulli's theorem help explain in aviation?

The principle of lift generation Signup and view all the answers

What does the pressure difference in a concave meniscus correspond to in terms of height?

It relates to surface tension and curvature radius Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about centripetal acceleration is true?

It is always directed towards the center of the circular path. Signup and view all the answers

If an object is rotating with a constant angular velocity, which type of motion is it experiencing?

Uniform circular motion Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between linear speed and angular speed for a particle in circular motion is given by which equation?

$V = rw$ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Uniform Circular Motion

The speed of a particle remains constant during circular motion.
Centripetal acceleration is responsible for this motion.
The acceleration is given by: $a = -w^2r$

Non-Uniform Circular Motion

The magnitude of centripetal acceleration varies.
The magnitude of tangential velocity changes during non-uniform circular motion.
Angular velocity is also constantly changing.

Angular Momentum and Angular Velocity

For a rigid body rotating about an axis, each particle has a different linear speed.
The direction of each individual velocity is perpendicular to the radius of the circular path.

Centripetal Force

Centripetal acceleration is a radial acceleration.
The direction of the centripetal force is always towards the center of the circle.
The centripetal force is given by: $mw^2r$

Centrifugal Force

An unaccelerated force that is not an imaginary force.
Its direction is away from the center of the circular path.

Centripetal & Centrifugal Forces

When rotating in a circular path, we feel an outward pull.
This is caused by the body's inertia and its tendency to maintain straight linear motion.
Centripetal force is the real force keeping the body in a circular path.
Centrifugal force is an imaginary force we experience due to inertia.
Centrifugal force is only present when the body is accelerating.

Parallel Axes Theorem

Applies to any object with two parallel axes.
One axis passes through the object's center of mass.
The theorem relates the moment of inertia of the object about the two axes.
Equation: $I_o = I_C + Mh^2$

Properties of an Ideal Fluid

Incompressible: density remains constant.
Irrotational: fluid does not rotate.
Smooth: flow is smooth.
No Turbulence: no internal friction.
Non-viscous: no internal friction.
Steady: velocity at each point is constant.

Pressure in Fluids

Pressure is the normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area.
Pressure equation: $P = F/A$
SI units: N/m² or Pascal (Pa)
Dimension: [ML⁻¹T⁻²]

Applications of Pascal's Law

Hydraulic lift systems
Manometer designs

Molecular Theory of Surface Tension

Molecules attract each other due to intermolecular forces.
Two types of intermolecular forces:
- Cohesive force (between same type of molecules)
- Adhesive force (between different types of molecules)
Surface tension arises from cohesive forces between similar molecules.

Capillary Rise Equation

The pressure due to the liquid column equals the pressure difference caused by the concave meniscus: hpg = 2T/R.
Capillary rise equation: h = 2Tcos(θ) / (pgr*) = 2Tcos(θ)² / (pgR*)
R is the radius of the meniscus.
r is the radius of the capillary tube.
θ is the angle of contact.

Streamline Flow

Smooth flow with low velocity, less than a critical velocity.
Also known as laminar flow.
Velocity at any point is constant.
Streamlines never intersect.
Streamlines parallel to the tube's axis.

Turbulent Flow

Irregular and instantaneous flow.
Velocity exceeds critical velocity.
Fluid has rotational motion, creating eddies.
Flow is random and unpredictable.

Comparison of Streamline and Turbulent Flow

Feature	Streamline Flow	Turbulent Flow
Velocity	Constant	Not Constant
Streamlines	Never intersect	Might intersect
Flow Pattern	Smooth, predictable	Random, unpredictable

Applications of Bernoulli's Theorem

Lifting up of an airplane (crowded air streamlines above the wings).

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of uniform and non-uniform circular motion, centripetal and centrifugal forces, and angular momentum. Test your understanding of how these forces interact and their effects on objects in circular paths. Perfect for reinforcing key physics principles related to motion and forces.