Physics Chapter 6 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of force?

The object that force is exerted on.

An object that experiences a push or a pull. (correct)

The world around the object that exerts force.

A restoring force that is the push or pull that a spring exerts.

What does the term 'system' refer to?

The object that force is exerted on.

What does 'environment' mean in physics?

The world around the object that exerts force.

Force has both & .

magnitude, direction Signup and view all the answers

What is a contact force?

Acts on an object only by touching it. Signup and view all the answers

What is a long range force?

Force exerted without contact. Signup and view all the answers

What is the force of gravity?

An attractive force that exists between all objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is an agent in the context of force?

Each force has a specific identifiable immediate cause. Signup and view all the answers

What is a free body diagram?

Forces operating on each dot are drawn in the direction of the force with their tails on the dot. Signup and view all the answers

Define net force.

The vector sum of 2 or more forces on an object. Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's first law state?

An object at rest will remain at rest or an object in motion will remain in motion if the net force is zero. Signup and view all the answers

What is inertia?

The tendency of an object to resist change. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by equilibrium?

If an object is at rest or moving at constant velocity. Signup and view all the answers

What does apparent weight refer to?

The force exerted by the scale. Signup and view all the answers

What is weightlessness?

Does not mean your weight is zero, but that there are no contact forces pushing up on you. Signup and view all the answers

Define static friction force.

Newton's law tells you it should move unless there's a second horizontal force opposite in direction and equal in size to your force. Signup and view all the answers

What is kinetic friction force?

The force exerted on one surface by the other when the surfaces are in relative motion. Signup and view all the answers

What is terminal velocity?

The constant velocity that is reached when the drag force equals the force of gravity. Signup and view all the answers

Define simple harmonic motion.

If the force that restores the object to its equilibrium position is directly proportional to the displacement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the period in motion?

Time needed to repeat one complete cycle of motion. Signup and view all the answers

Define amplitude.

The maximum distance the object moves from equilibrium. Signup and view all the answers

What is mechanical resonance?

An increase in amplitude. Signup and view all the answers

What is an interaction pair?

2 forces that are in opposite directions and have equal magnitude and opposite direction to the force of the ball on the catcher's hand. Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's third law state?

All forces come in pairs. Signup and view all the answers

Define friction (Ff).

Contact force that acts to oppose sliding motion between surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is normal force (Fn)?

The contact force exerted by a surface on an object. Signup and view all the answers

Define spring force (Fsp).

A restoring force that is the push or pull that a spring exerts on an object. Signup and view all the answers

What is tension (Ft)?

The pull exerted by a string, rope, or cable when attached to a body and pulled taut. Signup and view all the answers

What does thrust (Fthrust) refer to?

A general term for the forces that move objects such as rockets, planes, cars, and people. Signup and view all the answers

Define weight (Fg).

A long range force due to gravitational attraction between two objects, generally Earth and an object. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Force and Motion Concepts

Force: A push or pull experienced by an object, influencing its motion.
System: An object subject to a force.
Environment: Surroundings that exert forces on an object.

Characteristics of Force

Magnitude and Direction: Forces are characterized by both their strength (magnitude) and the direction in which they act.
Contact Force: A force that directly affects an object through physical touch.
Long Range Force: A force that acts over a distance without direct contact.

Types of Forces

Force of Gravity: An attractive force acting between all masses, crucial in determining weight.
Agent: The identifiable cause of a particular force acting on an object.

Visual Representation of Forces

Free Body Diagram: A graphical representation showing all forces acting on an object, depicted with arrows indicating direction and magnitude.
Net Force: The overall force acting on an object, obtained by vector summation of all individual forces.

Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law: Objects remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net force — introduces the concept of inertia.
Inertia: The resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion.
Equilibrium: A state in which an object remains at rest or moves at a constant velocity due to balanced forces.

Weight and Free Fall

Apparent Weight: The force exerted by a scale measuring an object's weight.
Weightlessness: A condition where no contact forces are acting, not necessarily implying zero mass.

Friction and Motion

Static Friction Force: Prevents an object from starting to move under an applied force unless opposed by another greater force.
Kinetic Friction Force: Resists motion between surfaces in contact when they are sliding against each other.

Motion Dynamics

Terminal Velocity: The steady speed achieved when the drag force matches the gravitational pull, leading to no further acceleration.
Simple Harmonic Motion: Describes oscillatory motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to displacement.

Motion Parameters

Period: Duration required for one complete cycle of motion.
Amplitude: Maximum extent of motion from the equilibrium position.
Mechanical Resonance: An increase in an object's amplitude due to synchronization with its natural frequency.

Interaction and Resistance

Interaction Pair: Two opposing forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, such as the force exerted by a ball on a catcher’s hand.
Newton's Third Law: States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Specific Forces

Friction (Ff): A resistance force that opposes sliding between surfaces.
Normal Force (Fn): The support force exerted by a surface against the weight of an object resting on it.
Spring Force (Fsp): A restoring force provided by a spring when it is compressed or stretched.
Tension (Ft): The pulling force transmitted through a rope, string, or cable.
Thrust (Fthrust): Forces generated to propel objects such as vehicles or rockets.
Weight (Fg): A long-range gravitational force acting between two masses, typically an object and the Earth.

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Test your understanding of key concepts in physics with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Each card covers fundamental terms such as force, system, and environment. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their grasp of physical principles.