Physics Chapter 5: Laws of Motion
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Physics Chapter 5: Laws of Motion

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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately reflects the concept of inertia?

  • Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion. (correct)
  • Inertia only applies to objects in motion.
  • Inertia depends on the object's temperature and pressure.
  • Inertia only applies to stationary objects.
  • According to the second law of motion, which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

  • $f = m/a$
  • $f = dp/dt$
  • $f = mv^2$
  • $f = ma$ (correct)
  • In an action-reaction pair as stated in the third law, which of the following is true?

  • One force can be larger if the objects are of different masses.
  • The magnitudes of both forces are always unequal.
  • Both forces act on the same object.
  • The forces act on different bodies and have equal magnitudes. (correct)
  • Which object would have the greatest momentum when moving at the same speed?

    <p>A freight train</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the momentum of an object if the net force acting on it is zero?

    <p>The momentum remains constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a closed system where two objects collide and stick together, what principle governs the behavior of the system post-collision?

    <p>Conservation of momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calculating impulse, which factors need to be considered to accurately determine the average force acting over time?

    <p>Change in momentum and time interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given an object experiencing a net force, how will its momentum change in terms of time?

    <p>Momentum changes linearly with time due to the net force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes an action-reaction pair in the context of motion?

    <p>They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor when determining the change in momentum for an object given its initial and final velocity?

    <p>The object's mass and the change in velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of inertia in relation to an object's state of motion?

    <p>It enables an object to maintain its current motion unless acted on by a net force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a scenario of translational equilibrium?

    <p>An object moving at a constant velocity on a flat surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the net force acting on an object determine?

    <p>The acceleration or change in velocity of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example of a body on an inclined plane, what does the equation $T - mg ext{sin} heta = 0$ represent?

    <p>The tension balancing the component of weight acting parallel to the incline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a constant retarding force of 50 N is applied to a body that stops from an initial velocity of 15 m/s, what does this scenario illustrate?

    <p>The concept of impulse in changing momentum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is inertia of translation measured, and what is its SI unit?

    <p>Measured in terms of mass; SI unit is kilograms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to an object when the net external force acting on it is zero?

    <p>It remains in equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes unbalanced forces?

    <p>They cause a change in the state of motion of an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a system where the center of mass remains stationary, which statement is true?

    <p>The system is in a state of equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an internal force?

    <p>Tension in a rope pulling two masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of $ heta eq 0$ in the net force equation?

    <p>There is an acceleration of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force is NOT considered an external force acting on an object?

    <p>Tension within the object's structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about an object in equilibrium is false?

    <p>It must be experiencing an external force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the center of mass in a system?

    <p>It changes position only when unbalanced external forces act on the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a moment of force primarily associated with?

    <p>The distance the force acts from an axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When analyzing a system of two masses connected by a spring, which variable would most likely not directly affect the acceleration calculated?

    <p>The length of the rope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of vector quantities, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Magnitude and direction are essential for defining vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by tension in a rope within a pulley system?

    <p>The pulling force transmitted through the rope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mathematical formulas directly represents the relationship defined by Newton's second law?

    <p>$F = m imes a$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Newton's first law of motion primarily state?

    <p>An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a free body diagram (FBD), which of the following is typically NOT represented?

    <p>The internal forces between the object and its surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you write the spring force formula, and what do the variables represent?

    <p>$F = -kx$, where $F$ is the restoring force and $k$ is the spring constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between force and acceleration as described by Newton's second law?

    <p>Force is the mass multiplied by its acceleration, described as $F = ma$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does breaking down forces into components involve?

    <p>Simplifying a force vector into perpendicular horizontal and vertical parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes kinetic energy?

    <p>Energy an object possesses due to its motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the potential energy of an object?

    <p>Velocity of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In analyzing forces, which scenario illustrates the best application of Newton's laws?

    <p>A baseball thrown upwards experiences a downward gravitational pull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the potential energy of an object when its height is doubled?

    <p>It increases by a factor of four.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the x-component of the force $F_2$ if the total force along the x-axis is $6.01$ N?

    <p>2.47 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the y-component of the force $F_2$ if the total force along the y-axis equals zero?

    <p>-3.54 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the weight of the object is calculated as $w = mg$, what is the weight in newtons given $m = 2$ kg and $g = 10$ m/s²?

    <p>20 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To find the total force $F_{total}$ from $F_{total x}$ and $F_{total y}$, what mathematical operation is used?

    <p>Pythagorean theorem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given $F_1 = 5$ N and $ heta = 45^{ ext{o}}$, what is the value of $F_{1y}$?

    <p>3.54 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the horizontal component of force $F_{1x}$ calculated from $F_1$?

    <p>$F_{1x} = F_1 imes ext{cos} heta$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the known total force along the x-direction is $6.01$ N, what needs to be true about $F_{2x}$?

    <p>$F_{2x}$ must account for any difference to reach $6.01$ N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resolving forces into x and y components in this context?

    <p>To analyze the equilibrium of forces acting on an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering all forces acting on an object, what is necessary for equilibrium?

    <p>$F_{total y}$ must equal 0$ N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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