Physics Chapter 5: Laws of Motion

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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately reflects the concept of inertia?

  • Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion. (correct)
  • Inertia only applies to objects in motion.
  • Inertia depends on the object's temperature and pressure.
  • Inertia only applies to stationary objects.

According to the second law of motion, which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

  • $f = m/a$
  • $f = dp/dt$
  • $f = mv^2$
  • $f = ma$ (correct)

In an action-reaction pair as stated in the third law, which of the following is true?

  • One force can be larger if the objects are of different masses.
  • The magnitudes of both forces are always unequal.
  • Both forces act on the same object.
  • The forces act on different bodies and have equal magnitudes. (correct)

Which object would have the greatest momentum when moving at the same speed?

<p>A freight train (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the momentum of an object if the net force acting on it is zero?

<p>The momentum remains constant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system where two objects collide and stick together, what principle governs the behavior of the system post-collision?

<p>Conservation of momentum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating impulse, which factors need to be considered to accurately determine the average force acting over time?

<p>Change in momentum and time interval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given an object experiencing a net force, how will its momentum change in terms of time?

<p>Momentum changes linearly with time due to the net force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes an action-reaction pair in the context of motion?

<p>They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor when determining the change in momentum for an object given its initial and final velocity?

<p>The object's mass and the change in velocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of inertia in relation to an object's state of motion?

<p>It enables an object to maintain its current motion unless acted on by a net force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a scenario of translational equilibrium?

<p>An object moving at a constant velocity on a flat surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the net force acting on an object determine?

<p>The acceleration or change in velocity of the object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example of a body on an inclined plane, what does the equation $T - mg ext{sin} heta = 0$ represent?

<p>The tension balancing the component of weight acting parallel to the incline. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a constant retarding force of 50 N is applied to a body that stops from an initial velocity of 15 m/s, what does this scenario illustrate?

<p>The concept of impulse in changing momentum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is inertia of translation measured, and what is its SI unit?

<p>Measured in terms of mass; SI unit is kilograms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to an object when the net external force acting on it is zero?

<p>It remains in equilibrium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes unbalanced forces?

<p>They cause a change in the state of motion of an object. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a system where the center of mass remains stationary, which statement is true?

<p>The system is in a state of equilibrium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an internal force?

<p>Tension in a rope pulling two masses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of $ heta eq 0$ in the net force equation?

<p>There is an acceleration of the object. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which force is NOT considered an external force acting on an object?

<p>Tension within the object's structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about an object in equilibrium is false?

<p>It must be experiencing an external force. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the center of mass in a system?

<p>It changes position only when unbalanced external forces act on the system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a moment of force primarily associated with?

<p>The distance the force acts from an axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing a system of two masses connected by a spring, which variable would most likely not directly affect the acceleration calculated?

<p>The length of the rope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of vector quantities, which of the following statements is true?

<p>Magnitude and direction are essential for defining vectors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by tension in a rope within a pulley system?

<p>The pulling force transmitted through the rope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mathematical formulas directly represents the relationship defined by Newton's second law?

<p>$F = m imes a$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's first law of motion primarily state?

<p>An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a free body diagram (FBD), which of the following is typically NOT represented?

<p>The internal forces between the object and its surroundings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you write the spring force formula, and what do the variables represent?

<p>$F = -kx$, where $F$ is the restoring force and $k$ is the spring constant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between force and acceleration as described by Newton's second law?

<p>Force is the mass multiplied by its acceleration, described as $F = ma$. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does breaking down forces into components involve?

<p>Simplifying a force vector into perpendicular horizontal and vertical parts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes kinetic energy?

<p>Energy an object possesses due to its motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the potential energy of an object?

<p>Velocity of the object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In analyzing forces, which scenario illustrates the best application of Newton's laws?

<p>A baseball thrown upwards experiences a downward gravitational pull. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the potential energy of an object when its height is doubled?

<p>It increases by a factor of four. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the x-component of the force $F_2$ if the total force along the x-axis is $6.01$ N?

<p>2.47 N (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the y-component of the force $F_2$ if the total force along the y-axis equals zero?

<p>-3.54 N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the weight of the object is calculated as $w = mg$, what is the weight in newtons given $m = 2$ kg and $g = 10$ m/s²?

<p>20 N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To find the total force $F_{total}$ from $F_{total x}$ and $F_{total y}$, what mathematical operation is used?

<p>Pythagorean theorem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $F_1 = 5$ N and $ heta = 45^{ ext{o}}$, what is the value of $F_{1y}$?

<p>3.54 N (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the horizontal component of force $F_{1x}$ calculated from $F_1$?

<p>$F_{1x} = F_1 imes ext{cos} heta$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the known total force along the x-direction is $6.01$ N, what needs to be true about $F_{2x}$?

<p>$F_{2x}$ must account for any difference to reach $6.01$ N. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of resolving forces into x and y components in this context?

<p>To analyze the equilibrium of forces acting on an object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering all forces acting on an object, what is necessary for equilibrium?

<p>$F_{total y}$ must equal 0$ N. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Newton's 1st Law

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's 2nd Law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Momentum

The product of an object's mass and velocity.

Newton's 3rd Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces always come in pairs.

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.

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Which has more momentum?

The object with more mass or more velocity possesses more momentum.

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Conservation of Momentum

Total momentum of a system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

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Impulse

Change in momentum of an object due to a force acting over time.

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Change in Momentum

Difference in an object's momentum before and after a force acts on it.

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Action-Reaction Pairs

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Velocity Calculation

Calculating velocity using mass, momentum, equations.

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Physics Formulas

Mathematical equations describing physics concepts.

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Inertia

A body's resistance to changes in its state of motion.

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Force

An external agent that can change an object's shape, size, or motion.

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Net Force

The single force that results from combining all forces acting on an object.

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Equilibrium

A state where the net force on an object is zero.

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Balanced Forces

Forces equal in size and opposite in direction, causing no change in motion.

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Translational Equilibrium

A state where the net force in all directions is zero.

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Unbalanced Forces

Forces unequal in size or direction, causing change in motion.

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Inertia of Motion

The property of an object that resists changes in its state of motion.

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Inertia of Translation

Inertia related to straight-line motion, measured by mass.

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Equilibrium

A state where the net force on an object is zero.

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External Forces

Forces acting on an object from outside the system.

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Momentum

The product of an object's mass and its velocity.

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Internal Forces

Forces exchanged within a system.

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Center of Mass

The average position of an object's mass.

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Net Force

The overall force acting on an object.

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Newton's 1st Law

An object stays at rest or in motion with constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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Newton's 2nd Law

Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma)

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Free Body Diagram (FBD)

A diagram showing all forces acting on an object.

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Spring Force

Force exerted by a spring (F=kx)

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Vectors

Quantities with magnitude and direction

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Components

Parts of a vector in different directions

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Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

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Potential Energy

Stored energy

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Force resolution x-axis

Breaking down a force into its horizontal and vertical components.

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Force resolution y-axis

Breaking down a force into its horizontal and vertical components.

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F1x

Horizontal component of force F1.

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F1y

Vertical component of force F1.

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Calculating F2x

Calculating the horizontal component of force F2.

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Calculating F2y

Calculating the vertical component of force F2.

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Finding F2

Determining the magnitude and direction of force F2 using components.

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Force Components

The parts of a force acting in different directions.

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Calculating Acceleration

Finding how quickly velocity changes.

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Moment of Force

Turning effect of a force.

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Tension in Ropes

Force pulling along a rope.

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Newton's Second Law

Force equals mass times acceleration.

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Vector Quantities

Quantities with both magnitude and direction.

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Acceleration Calculation

Finding change in velocity over time.

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Two Connected Masses

Two masses connected or interacting (e.g., spring)

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