Physics Chapter 4: Newton's Laws of Motion

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of force?

The measure of earth's gravitational pull

A push or pull of an object (correct)

A diagram that shows force vectors

A type of friction

What is the SI unit of force?

Newton (N)

What does N equal?

(kg * m)/s^2

What does F equal when using mass (m) and acceleration (a)?

ma Signup and view all the answers

1 N equals how many pounds?

0.225 lbs Signup and view all the answers

1 slug equals how many pounds?

32 lbs Signup and view all the answers

What is weight defined as?

the measure of earth's gravitational pull Signup and view all the answers

Weight is a type of what?

Force Signup and view all the answers

What does w equal in the context of weight?

mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth's surface?

9.8 m/s^2 Signup and view all the answers

What are contact forces?

forces that arise from physical contact between 2 objects Signup and view all the answers

What are field forces?

forces that exist between objects even in the absence of physical contact Signup and view all the answers

What type of quantity is force?

Vector Signup and view all the answers

What are force diagrams also known as?

free-body diagrams Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of applied force?

force applied to an object by another object or by a person Signup and view all the answers

What is gravity force?

force that attracts an object towards a massive body Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal force?

the support force exerted upon an object in contact with another stable object Signup and view all the answers

What is frictional force?

force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it Signup and view all the answers

What is air resistance force?

force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air Signup and view all the answers

What is inertia?

an object remains at rest, or in motion, unless compelled to change Signup and view all the answers

What is mass in relation to inertia?

inertia of an object is proportional to its mass Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's First Law state?

an object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion Signup and view all the answers

What is mass defined as?

the measure of the inertia in an object Signup and view all the answers

What is static equilibrium?

the state that objects at rest are in Signup and view all the answers

What is dynamic equilibrium?

the state that objects moving at constant speed in a straight path Signup and view all the answers

What is net force?

the combination of forces acting on the object Signup and view all the answers

An object's acceleration is __________ to net forces acting on it.

directly proportional Signup and view all the answers

What happens when surfaces slide over one another?

friction occurs Signup and view all the answers

What does the Force of Friction depend on?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What kind of friction occurs as an object pushes through a fluid?

fluid friction Signup and view all the answers

What does acceleration depend on?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

An object's acceleration is _______ to its mass.

inversely proportional Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's Second Law of Motion state?

Acceleration is proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for acceleration?

F/m Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's Third Law state?

to every action, there is always an opposed equal reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is terminal velocity?

when the air resistance is equal to the weight Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Newton's Laws of Motion Overview

Force is defined as a push or pull acting on an object.
The SI unit of force is the Newton (N).
One Newton can be calculated as (kg * m)/s².
The formula to calculate force is represented as F = ma, where 'm' is mass and 'a' is acceleration.

Weight and Units

Weight quantifies the gravitational pull on an object, measured in Newtons (N).
1 N is equivalent to approximately 0.225 lbs, establishing a conversion between metric and imperial units.
The slug, a unit of mass, is equivalent to 32 lbs.

Types of Forces

Weight itself is classified as a force.
Weight can be expressed mathematically as w = mg, with 'g' representing gravitational acceleration.
Gravitational acceleration at Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 m/s².

Force Interactions

Contact forces arise from direct physical interaction between objects.
Field forces can act over a distance without contact (e.g., gravitational force).
Force is categorized as a vector quantity, which has both magnitude and direction.

Diagrams and Visualization

Force diagrams, or free-body diagrams, visually represent forces acting on an object with arrows indicating direction and magnitude.

Types of Specific Forces

Applied force refers to the push or pull exerted by an object or person.
Gravity force is the attraction exerted by massive bodies like Earth.
The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface supporting an object.
Frictional force opposes motion as an object slides over a surface.
Air resistance is a friction-like force encountered when moving through the air.

Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law asserts that an object will maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Mass measures an object's inertia, which is its resistance to change in motion.
Static equilibrium refers to objects at rest, while dynamic equilibrium involves moving objects at constant speed in a straight line.

Force and Acceleration Relationships

The net force is the sum of all the forces acting on an object.
Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on an object and inversely proportional to its mass.
Newton's Second Law is expressed as acceleration (a) = net force (F) / mass (m).
Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Friction Considerations

The force of friction is influenced by the applied force, frictional force, and the object's inertia.
Fluid friction occurs when objects move through a fluid, causing resistance.
Factors that do not affect friction include the speed of the object and the surface characteristics.

Terminal Velocity

Terminal velocity is reached when the upward force of air resistance equals the downward force of weight, resulting in no further acceleration.

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