Physics Chapter 3: Motion in Three Dimensions
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Questions and Answers

In what order did Sir Isaac Newton break down his subject into subcategories?

  • Other phenomena, forces, motion
  • Motion, other phenomena, forces
  • Forces, motion, other phenomena
  • Motion, forces, other phenomena (correct)

    • How did Sir Isaac Newton approach his work on understanding forces and other phenomena?

  • Philosophically and qualitatively, with a bias toward ambiguity
  • Empirically and intuitively, with a bias toward uncertainty
  • Conceptually and mathematically, with a bias toward simplicity (correct)
  • Experimentally and theoretically, with a bias toward complexity

    • How can a person describe their position in three-dimensional space using a pair of numbers?

  • By specifying the distances after each turn from the starting point to the destination (correct)
  • By indicating lefts and rights navigated during the journey
  • By describing the perpendicular directions x and y
  • By providing latitude and longitude coordinates

    • What would a map of a route showing a series of perpendicular, connected line segments on a piece of graph paper traditionally represent?

    <p>The navigational path in two-dimensional space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using distance calculations in the context described?

    <p>To analyze the interaction between a baseball and the Earth's gravitational field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider negative signs in stopping accelerations?

    <p>To account for deceleration in real-world scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context would one apply the acceleration concept discussed?

    <p>Understanding the interaction of a baseball with Earth's gravitational field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with Sir Isaac Newton’s approach to understanding forces and phenomena?

    <p>Using observations of motions to investigate the forces of nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of instantaneous speed purport to describe?

    <p>The exact speed at some specific instant of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the fable of the tortoise and the hare, what is emphasized about the hare's instantaneous speed?

    <p>It is capable of much higher speeds than the tortoise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of a rectangle in the graph of speed versus time used to represent?

    <p>The average speed and distance traveled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which object is used as an example to explain acceleration?

    <p>A Ford Pinto with an exploding gas tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of acceleration measure?

    <p>The rate of change of velocity over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hare do when he is 860 feet from the library?

    <p>He eases down to 257 ft/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hare mistakenly think before taking a nap?

    <p>'I got this'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tortoise's instantaneous speed closely resemble?

    <p>His average speed for a finite, short time interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the graph of speed versus time represent in physics terms?

    <p>The acceleration and velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy is used to explain acceleration?

    <p>A sprinter accelerating out of starting blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the hare ease down to 257 ft/min?

    <p>After seeing Dunkin Donuts in sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized about the hare's average speed?

    <p>It lowers so much that he gets dusted by the tortoise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a velocity need to specify in addition to direction?

    <p>Speed of the vehicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In layman's terms, what direction is northeast relative to Jacksonville?

    <p>Northeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the customary speed rating system in the United States?

    <p>mph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the generic formula for speed indicate?

    <p>$v = \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does taking a nap and donuts break affect speed calculation?

    <p>Affects average speed but not instantaneous speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speed formula tell you?

    <p>The average speed over a time interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another way to distinguish between average and instantaneous speed?

    <p>Imperfect description of state of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an average speed describe?

    <p>$\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}$ over a time interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of quantity does velocity represent?

    <p>Vector quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be needed to specify a complex set of directions?

    <p>Trigonometry calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal compass rose used for?

    <p>Navigation at sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system gives a clue about the basic calculation method for speed?

    <p>Customary system in the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the third number in a spatial location represent?

    <p>The type of office on that floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is traditionally given the special set of three numbers (0, 0, 0)?

    <p>The initial position for spatial referencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin referred to as by a mathematician?

    <p>The zero point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed in addition to using three numbers per location and having one special origin in a spatial system?

    <p>A specified distance measuring system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the meter initially set in relation to the Earth?

    <p>One tenth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1960, what was used as the new standard object to define the meter?

    <p>The element krypton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific characteristic of krypton was used to define the meter in 1960?

    <p>Its specific orange light wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1983, what finalized the definition of a meter?

    <p>$1/299,792,458$ of a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did scientists initially measure the distance from when defining one meter?

    <p>$0^ ext{o}$ latitude to $90^ ext{o}$ latitude through Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did scientists refine the definition of a meter in 1983?

    <p>By setting it as 1/299,792,458th of a second travel time for light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was used as a reference point for time measurement by ancient Sumerians?

    <p>Numbering system based on 60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of microwave radiation emitted by cesium atoms?

    <p>9.192631770 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a kilogram defined as?

    <p>The mass of a liter of liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an unknown mass be measured using a balance?

    <p>By stacking liter bottles of water until both sides balance evenly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between mass and weight?

    <p>Mass remains the same on the moon, while weight changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What quantities are used to predict the position of an object at a later time?

    <p>Initial conditions, accelerations, and motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does velocity encode?

    <p>The direction and speed of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to express the direction of velocity mathematically?

    <p>A vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a kilogram measured?

    <p>Using a balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the microwave's electromagnetic field do at the rate of 9,192,631,770 times per second?

    <p>It wiggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency from cesium atoms in GHz?

    <p>9.192631770 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a kilogram contain according to the text?

    <p>One thousand cubic centimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mass according to the text?

    <p>A measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the arrow above the symbols for acceleration and velocity denote?

    <p>Motion in three dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative acceleration value signify for an object's speed?

    <p>Speed decreasing over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the distance triangle formula abbreviated?

    <p>$DT$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the acceleration definition when only the direction of the velocity vector changes?

    <p>Acceleration takes place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the area of the yellow triangle in the velocity graph represent?

    <p>Displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the change of speed be calculated under a known acceleration during a specific elapsed time?

    <p>Cross multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do the distance rectangles in the speed versus time graph resemble when taken together?

    <p>Triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a smooth triangle in the velocity graph represent?

    <p>$rac{1}{2} imes base imes height$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the acceleration when an object is slowing down?

    <p>$Acceleration$ is negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the individual distance rectangles becoming infinitesimally narrow?

    <p>They signify instantaneous speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative acceleration value signify for an object's speed?

    <p>Speed decreasing over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an object's position be described using a pair of numbers?

    <p>Coordinates in three-dimensional space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the area of the yellow triangle in the velocity graph represent?

    <p>Displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the distance triangle formula for an object starting up from rest usually abbreviated?

    <p>$\frac{1}{2}v^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative acceleration value signify for an object's speed?

    <p>The object is slowing down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example of the Shelby, what does the slope of the velocity graph signify?

    <p>Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the graph of speed versus time represent in physics terms?

    <p>Displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of microwave radiation emitted by cesium atoms?

    <p>9,192,631,770 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of one liter of water in kilograms?

    <p>1 kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In physics terms, what does velocity encode?

    <p>The direction and speed of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a kilogram defined as?

    <p>The mass of 1000 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an unknown mass be measured using a balance?

    <p>By comparing it to the mass of water in liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the generic formula for speed in the context of the text?

    <p>$\frac{x_2-x_1}{t_2-t_1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is instantaneous speed related to average speed according to the text?

    <p>Instantaneous speed can be lower or higher than average speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol $v$ denote in the context of calculating speed?

    <p>Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a 30-minute nap and donuts break affect the speed calculation according to the text?

    <p>It has no effect on the average speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the numerator of the speed formula represent?

    <p>Difference in position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Sir Isaac Newton break down his subject into subcategories?

    <p>Motion, forces, and other phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a map of your route showing a series of perpendicular, connected line segments on a piece of graph paper traditionally represent?

    <p>Perpendicular directions x and y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific characteristic does a map of a route with a pair of numbers represent?

    <p>The perpendicular directions x and y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed in addition to using a pair of numbers per location and having one special origin in a spatial system?

    <p>A three-dimensional space representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is applied mathematically to construct an understanding of more elaborate phenomena like comets, ocean waves, and atoms?

    <p>A set of tools and building materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the meter initially set to be the distance of?

    <p>One ten-millionth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole through Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did scientists use in 1960 as a reference to define the meter?

    <p>The element krypton emitting a specific orange light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the meter finally defined in 1983?

    <p>As the distance light of any color travels in a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did ancient Sumerians base their numbering system on?

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Egyptians originally divide a single day?

    <p>Based on the length of daylight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the instantaneous speed and the average speed for an infinitesimally small time interval?

    <p>They are equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the fable of the tortoise and the hare, what is emphasized about the hare's instantaneous speed?

    <p>The hare's instantaneous speeds are higher than the tortoise's average speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the increment of distance travelled, Δx, in a speed versus time graph for an object represent?

    <p>It represents the area of a rectangle, the product of height and width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acceleration of an object measure?

    <p>The rate of change of velocity over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is part of the formula for acceleration when an object is speeding up or slowing down?

    <p>The amount of time needed to change speed ($ ext{time}$)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction does a baseball experience when making predictions about its position?

    <p>Gravitational interaction with Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which facility does a proton interact with a magnetic field?

    <p>Large Hadron Collider at CERN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Sir Isaac Newton's instruction, what should be investigated from the phenomena of motions?

    <p>Forces of nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what does the text suggest one should look for Galileo's breakthrough ideas concerning states of motion?

    <p>Next chapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the next chapter based on the provided text?

    <p>States of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the prediction for a proton in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN?

    <p>Dependent on magnetic field interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sir Isaac Newton instruct one to investigate from the phenomena of motions?

    <p>&quot;...the phaenomena of motions...&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the European Organization for Nuclear Research located?

    <p>Geneva, Switzerland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "...from the phaenomena of motions to investigate the forces of nature…" - this instruction is attributed to:

    <p>&quot;Sir Isaac Newton&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "We want to make descriptions and even predictions for the position of a baseball heading for the right field bleachers..." Based on this statement, what kind of prediction are we trying to make?

    <p>&quot;Position prediction&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

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