Physics Chapter 3: Motion in Three Dimensions
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Questions and Answers

In what order did Sir Isaac Newton break down his subject into subcategories?

  • Other phenomena, forces, motion
  • Motion, other phenomena, forces
  • Forces, motion, other phenomena
  • Motion, forces, other phenomena (correct)

How did Sir Isaac Newton approach his work on understanding forces and other phenomena?

  • Philosophically and qualitatively, with a bias toward ambiguity
  • Empirically and intuitively, with a bias toward uncertainty
  • Conceptually and mathematically, with a bias toward simplicity (correct)
  • Experimentally and theoretically, with a bias toward complexity

How can a person describe their position in three-dimensional space using a pair of numbers?

  • By specifying the distances after each turn from the starting point to the destination (correct)
  • By indicating lefts and rights navigated during the journey
  • By describing the perpendicular directions x and y
  • By providing latitude and longitude coordinates

What would a map of a route showing a series of perpendicular, connected line segments on a piece of graph paper traditionally represent?

<p>The navigational path in two-dimensional space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using distance calculations in the context described?

<p>To analyze the interaction between a baseball and the Earth's gravitational field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider negative signs in stopping accelerations?

<p>To account for deceleration in real-world scenarios (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context would one apply the acceleration concept discussed?

<p>Understanding the interaction of a baseball with Earth's gravitational field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement aligns with Sir Isaac Newton’s approach to understanding forces and phenomena?

<p>Using observations of motions to investigate the forces of nature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of instantaneous speed purport to describe?

<p>The exact speed at some specific instant of time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the fable of the tortoise and the hare, what is emphasized about the hare's instantaneous speed?

<p>It is capable of much higher speeds than the tortoise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of a rectangle in the graph of speed versus time used to represent?

<p>The average speed and distance traveled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which object is used as an example to explain acceleration?

<p>A Ford Pinto with an exploding gas tank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of acceleration measure?

<p>The rate of change of velocity over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hare do when he is 860 feet from the library?

<p>He eases down to 257 ft/min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hare mistakenly think before taking a nap?

<p>'I got this' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tortoise's instantaneous speed closely resemble?

<p>His average speed for a finite, short time interval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the graph of speed versus time represent in physics terms?

<p>The acceleration and velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What analogy is used to explain acceleration?

<p>A sprinter accelerating out of starting blocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the hare ease down to 257 ft/min?

<p>After seeing Dunkin Donuts in sight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized about the hare's average speed?

<p>It lowers so much that he gets dusted by the tortoise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a velocity need to specify in addition to direction?

<p>Speed of the vehicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In layman's terms, what direction is northeast relative to Jacksonville?

<p>Northeast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the customary speed rating system in the United States?

<p>mph (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the generic formula for speed indicate?

<p>$v = \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does taking a nap and donuts break affect speed calculation?

<p>Affects average speed but not instantaneous speed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the speed formula tell you?

<p>The average speed over a time interval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another way to distinguish between average and instantaneous speed?

<p>Imperfect description of state of motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an average speed describe?

<p>$\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}$ over a time interval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of quantity does velocity represent?

<p>Vector quantity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be needed to specify a complex set of directions?

<p>Trigonometry calculations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal compass rose used for?

<p>Navigation at sea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system gives a clue about the basic calculation method for speed?

<p>Customary system in the United States (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the third number in a spatial location represent?

<p>The type of office on that floor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is traditionally given the special set of three numbers (0, 0, 0)?

<p>The initial position for spatial referencing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin referred to as by a mathematician?

<p>The zero point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed in addition to using three numbers per location and having one special origin in a spatial system?

<p>A specified distance measuring system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the meter initially set in relation to the Earth?

<p>One tenth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1960, what was used as the new standard object to define the meter?

<p>The element krypton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific characteristic of krypton was used to define the meter in 1960?

<p>Its specific orange light wavelength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1983, what finalized the definition of a meter?

<p>$1/299,792,458$ of a second (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did scientists initially measure the distance from when defining one meter?

<p>$0^ ext{o}$ latitude to $90^ ext{o}$ latitude through Paris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did scientists refine the definition of a meter in 1983?

<p>By setting it as 1/299,792,458th of a second travel time for light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was used as a reference point for time measurement by ancient Sumerians?

<p>Numbering system based on 60 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of microwave radiation emitted by cesium atoms?

<p>9.192631770 GHz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a kilogram defined as?

<p>The mass of a liter of liquid water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an unknown mass be measured using a balance?

<p>By stacking liter bottles of water until both sides balance evenly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mass and weight?

<p>Mass remains the same on the moon, while weight changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What quantities are used to predict the position of an object at a later time?

<p>Initial conditions, accelerations, and motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does velocity encode?

<p>The direction and speed of an object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to express the direction of velocity mathematically?

<p>A vector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a kilogram measured?

<p>Using a balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the microwave's electromagnetic field do at the rate of 9,192,631,770 times per second?

<p>It wiggles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency from cesium atoms in GHz?

<p>9.192631770 GHz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a kilogram contain according to the text?

<p>One thousand cubic centimeters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mass according to the text?

<p>A measurement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the arrow above the symbols for acceleration and velocity denote?

<p>Motion in three dimensions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative acceleration value signify for an object's speed?

<p>Speed decreasing over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the distance triangle formula abbreviated?

<p>$DT$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the acceleration definition when only the direction of the velocity vector changes?

<p>Acceleration takes place (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the area of the yellow triangle in the velocity graph represent?

<p>Displacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the change of speed be calculated under a known acceleration during a specific elapsed time?

<p>Cross multiplication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape do the distance rectangles in the speed versus time graph resemble when taken together?

<p>Triangle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a smooth triangle in the velocity graph represent?

<p>$rac{1}{2} imes base imes height$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the acceleration when an object is slowing down?

<p>$Acceleration$ is negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the individual distance rectangles becoming infinitesimally narrow?

<p>They signify instantaneous speed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative acceleration value signify for an object's speed?

<p>Speed decreasing over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an object's position be described using a pair of numbers?

<p>Coordinates in three-dimensional space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the area of the yellow triangle in the velocity graph represent?

<p>Displacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the distance triangle formula for an object starting up from rest usually abbreviated?

<p>$\frac{1}{2}v^2$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative acceleration value signify for an object's speed?

<p>The object is slowing down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example of the Shelby, what does the slope of the velocity graph signify?

<p>Acceleration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the graph of speed versus time represent in physics terms?

<p>Displacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of microwave radiation emitted by cesium atoms?

<p>9,192,631,770 Hz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of one liter of water in kilograms?

<p>1 kilogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In physics terms, what does velocity encode?

<p>The direction and speed of an object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a kilogram defined as?

<p>The mass of 1000 grams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an unknown mass be measured using a balance?

<p>By comparing it to the mass of water in liters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the generic formula for speed in the context of the text?

<p>$\frac{x_2-x_1}{t_2-t_1}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is instantaneous speed related to average speed according to the text?

<p>Instantaneous speed can be lower or higher than average speed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol $v$ denote in the context of calculating speed?

<p>Speed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a 30-minute nap and donuts break affect the speed calculation according to the text?

<p>It has no effect on the average speed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the numerator of the speed formula represent?

<p>Difference in position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Sir Isaac Newton break down his subject into subcategories?

<p>Motion, forces, and other phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a map of your route showing a series of perpendicular, connected line segments on a piece of graph paper traditionally represent?

<p>Perpendicular directions x and y (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific characteristic does a map of a route with a pair of numbers represent?

<p>The perpendicular directions x and y (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed in addition to using a pair of numbers per location and having one special origin in a spatial system?

<p>A three-dimensional space representation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is applied mathematically to construct an understanding of more elaborate phenomena like comets, ocean waves, and atoms?

<p>A set of tools and building materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the meter initially set to be the distance of?

<p>One ten-millionth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole through Paris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did scientists use in 1960 as a reference to define the meter?

<p>The element krypton emitting a specific orange light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the meter finally defined in 1983?

<p>As the distance light of any color travels in a second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did ancient Sumerians base their numbering system on?

<p>60 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Egyptians originally divide a single day?

<p>Based on the length of daylight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the instantaneous speed and the average speed for an infinitesimally small time interval?

<p>They are equal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the fable of the tortoise and the hare, what is emphasized about the hare's instantaneous speed?

<p>The hare's instantaneous speeds are higher than the tortoise's average speed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the increment of distance travelled, Δx, in a speed versus time graph for an object represent?

<p>It represents the area of a rectangle, the product of height and width (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acceleration of an object measure?

<p>The rate of change of velocity over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is part of the formula for acceleration when an object is speeding up or slowing down?

<p>The amount of time needed to change speed ($ ext{time}$) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction does a baseball experience when making predictions about its position?

<p>Gravitational interaction with Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which facility does a proton interact with a magnetic field?

<p>Large Hadron Collider at CERN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Sir Isaac Newton's instruction, what should be investigated from the phenomena of motions?

<p>Forces of nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To what does the text suggest one should look for Galileo's breakthrough ideas concerning states of motion?

<p>Next chapter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the next chapter based on the provided text?

<p>States of motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the prediction for a proton in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN?

<p>Dependent on magnetic field interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sir Isaac Newton instruct one to investigate from the phenomena of motions?

<p>&quot;...the phaenomena of motions...&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the European Organization for Nuclear Research located?

<p>Geneva, Switzerland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"...from the phaenomena of motions to investigate the forces of nature…" - this instruction is attributed to:

<p>&quot;Sir Isaac Newton&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"We want to make descriptions and even predictions for the position of a baseball heading for the right field bleachers..." Based on this statement, what kind of prediction are we trying to make?

<p>&quot;Position prediction&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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