Physics Chapter 2: Kinematics

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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for average speed?

$v_{avg} = rac{ ext{change in position}}{ ext{change in time}}$

$v_{avg} = rac{ ext{distance}}{ ext{change in velocity}}$

$v_{avg} = rac{ ext{total time}}{ ext{distance}}$

$v_{avg} = rac{ ext{distance}}{ ext{time}}$ (correct)

Which statement correctly describes acceleration?

Acceleration is the same as average speed.

Acceleration measures the change in position over time.

Acceleration only occurs when an object changes its position.

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time. (correct)

How did Galileo's views on motion differ from Aristotle's?

Aristotle claimed that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. (correct)

Galileo argued that light objects fall more slowly than heavy ones.

Galileo believed all objects fall at the same rate regardless of their weight. (correct)

Both agreed that heavier objects fall faster.

What does the symbol $ ext{Δ}$ indicate in the context of kinematics?

A change in value Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations describes constant velocity?

$x(t) = x_0 + v_0t$ Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly describes the relationship between velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and time?

V(t) = V₀ + a₀t Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the change in acceleration?

Jerk Signup and view all the answers

If an object is moving with constant speed in a circular path, what can be said about its acceleration?

It is non-zero because the direction of velocity is changing. Signup and view all the answers

When the velocity of an object is described as negative in the x-direction, what does this specifically indicate?

The object is moving leftward. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acceleration, what happens if an object is decelerating?

Its velocity is decreasing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate human reaction time in seconds?

0.70 to 0.75 seconds Signup and view all the answers

According to Galileo's conclusion, under what condition do all objects fall?

All objects fall at the same uniform rate barring external influences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation to calculate the distance fallen due to acceleration after 1 second?

$d = rac{1}{2}at^2$ Signup and view all the answers

How high will an object thrown at 100 mph reach, based on the given calculations?

98 m Signup and view all the answers

What is the velocity of an object after falling for 0.70 seconds under constant acceleration of 10 m/s²?

2.0 m/s Signup and view all the answers

What is the average velocity of A during the first 10 minutes of the sprint?

0.05 m/sec Signup and view all the answers

What is Bob's average speed during his race?

-3.3 mm/sec Signup and view all the answers

After 6 minutes, what is Alice's average velocity for the total time until her return to x=1.00m?

0 m/min Signup and view all the answers

How is the average speed of Alice calculated over the entire duration?

It is the total distance divided by the total time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of 95 km/hr to meters per second?

8.7 m/sec Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 2 Notes

Kinematics: Study of motion without referencing the cause of that motion.

Vocabulary of Motion:

Symbol Δ means change in
Average Speed: If d is the distance traveled and t is time, the avg Speed is: Speed = Δd/Δt
Displacement: is the change in position, x, with respect to some origin, can be + or – depending on origin
Avg. velocity: is the change in position divided by the change in time: v_avg = Δx/Δt = (Change in position Δx)/(Time interval Δt)

Galileo and the Language of Motion:

Aristotle taught that heavy things fall quickly and light things fall slowly
Galileo argues that all objects start falling slowly
What we call constant velocity he called uniform motion = same distance in the same Δt
Acceleration: measures rate of change of the velocity
Avg. acceleration is change in velocity = change in time
- a_avg=Δv/Δt
Galileo's Struggle: Defines uniform motion as moving distances in equal times. Then defines naturally accelerated motion.

Constant or Uniform Velocity:

x(t) = x₀ + v₀t
v(t) = v₀
a(t) = 0
where x₀ and v₀ are constants

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of kinematics in this quiz. From understanding motion to velocity and acceleration, this chapter dives into the vocabulary and principles that define how objects move. Test your knowledge of Galileo's contributions to the study of motion.