Physics Chapter 16: Stunt Car Dynamics
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Questions and Answers

What is the time it takes for the stone kicked horizontally from a 50.0 m high building to hit the ground?

  • 3.19 s (correct)
  • 5.10 s
  • 12.5 s
  • 10.2 s

If a crate is dropped from a plane moving horizontally at 100 m/s, what is the horizontal component of its velocity just before impact with the ground?

  • 100 m/s (correct)
  • 0 m/s
  • 50 m/s
  • 294 m/s

Which launch angle yields the maximum horizontal distance when hitting a golf ball with an initial speed of 20 m/s?

  • 60°
  • 75°
  • 30°
  • 45° (correct)

In the context of the stone kicked horizontally, which variable would most directly change the time it takes to hit the ground if altered?

<p>The height of the building (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be assumed about the horizontal motion of the crate dropped from the plane?

<p>It maintains a constant speed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the vertical component of the initial velocity (Viy) of the soccer ball?

<p>Viy = Vi sin(θ) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the final equation used to find the maximum height of the soccer ball from its initial position?

<p>0 = Viy² + 2(-10 m/s²)(hmax) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the trajectory of the soccer ball represent on the diagram?

<p>A parabola representing projectile motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At each point of the ball's flight, what direction does the acceleration vector due to gravity point?

<p>Straight down towards the ground (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate horizontal distance covered by the soccer ball during its flight?

<p>12.91 m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation between the time taken for the red ball and the green ball to reach the ground?

<p>Both balls take the same time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming neglect of air resistance, what can be concluded about the horizontal motion of ball A after the lever is released?

<p>Ball A moves with constant velocity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate maximum height the basketball player reaches during her jump?

<p>0.4 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the motion of ball B is analyzed, at what point does it hit the ground compared to ball A?

<p>Ball B and ball A hit the ground simultaneously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the negative value of displacement indicate in the jump calculation?

<p>The direction of displacement is downward. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertical velocity of the car at point A?

<p>-5.5 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far does the car drop vertically from point A to point B?

<p>1.24 m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the horizontal component of the velocity of the car at point B?

<p>16 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the correct formula to calculate vertical displacement given the initial velocity and acceleration?

<p>dy = V_{yi} t + rac{1}{2} at^2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial vertical velocity at point A given the provided conditions?

<p>0 m/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when constructing the stem of a question?

<p>Creating a meaningful problem without irrelevant material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices should be avoided when writing options for a multiple-choice question?

<p>Including 'all of the above' as an option (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the correct answer in a multiple-choice question?

<p>It must be the only factually correct answer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language should be employed in the distractors of a multiple-choice option?

<p>Familiar and accessible language to increase relatability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches to question writing is essential for maximum effectiveness?

<p>Ensuring each question tests a different aspect of the content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial vertical velocity does the ball have when it rolls off the platform?

<p>0 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the height difference between the platforms is increased to 5.0 m, how would the total time in the air change?

<p>It would increase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is correctly used to determine the time the ball is in the air?

<p>$d = v_it + rac{1}{2}(-10)t^2$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What value does the acceleration due to gravity typically take when solving projectile motion problems?

<p>-10 m/s² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the ball was thrown downward instead of rolling off horizontally, how would the initial vertical velocity affect the total time in the air?

<p>It would not change the time but affect the final velocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the horizontal component of the initial velocity of the ball during its launch?

<p>2.5 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which variable represents the final vertical velocity at the maximum height of the ball's trajectory?

<p>V_{fy} (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acceleration value is applied in the vertical component calculations?

<p>-10 m/s² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for the ball to reach its maximum height after launch?

<p>0.40 s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertical component of the initial velocity of the ball?

<p>4.0 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is used to find the initial vertical component of velocity $V_{iy}$?

<p>$d = V_{iy} t + \frac{1}{2} a t^2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the motion of the ball?

<p>The ball's horizontal velocity decreases due to gravity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the value 0.78 meters in the context of this problem?

<p>It represents the change in vertical position of the target. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Horizontal Velocity Remains Constant

The horizontal velocity of an object remains constant in the absence of horizontal forces. This means it doesn't speed up or slow down in the horizontal direction.

Vertical Velocity and Gravity

The vertical velocity of an object changes due to the force of gravity. It increases as the object falls and decreases as the object rises.

Vertical Displacement

The distance an object travels vertically is called vertical displacement. It considers the starting and ending points of the object's vertical motion.

Acceleration due to Gravity

The acceleration due to gravity is a constant value that affects the vertical motion of objects near the Earth's surface. It's approximately -10 m/s² indicating that objects accelerate downwards.

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Equation for Vertical Displacement

The equation 'd = V_i * t + (1/2) * a * t²' relates the vertical displacement (d) to the initial velocity (V_i), time (t), and acceleration due to gravity (a). This is a useful tool to calculate vertical motion.

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What is a string?

A sequence of characters, such as letters, numbers, and symbols. Imagine a string of beads, each bead is a character.

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What is a string variable?

A variable that can store a string. Think of a container that holds a string of beads.

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What is an index in a string?

Used to access individual characters within a string. Think of a specific bead in the string.

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What is string concatenation?

Combining two strings together. Imagine joining two strings of beads.

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What is string slicing?

Extracting a portion of a string. Think of cutting a part of a string.

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Motion

A change in an object's position over time. An object is in motion if its position changes relative to a reference point.

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Speed

The rate at which an object's position changes over time. It is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken.

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Acceleration

The rate at which an object changes its velocity. It is calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the time taken.

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Trajectory

The path an object follows as it moves in space. It can be straight, curved, or a combination of both.

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Projectile Motion

A type of motion where an object is thrown or launched into the air and then moves under the influence of gravity. Its trajectory is a curved path.

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Initial vertical velocity (Viy)

The initial vertical velocity of a projectile is the vertical component of its initial velocity vector. It is the velocity of the projectile in the upward direction at the moment it is launched.

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Maximum height (hmax)

The maximum height a projectile reaches is the highest point in its trajectory. It's the point where the projectile's vertical velocity becomes zero momentarily before it starts falling back down.

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Acceleration due to gravity (g)

The acceleration due to gravity is a constant acceleration experienced by objects near the Earth's surface. It acts downwards and causes objects to fall towards the ground.

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Time of Flight

The time it takes for an object in projectile motion to reach the ground, assuming only gravity acts on it.

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Projectile trajectory

The path of a projectile is the curved path it follows in flight. It is typically shaped like a parabola.

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Horizontal Velocity

The constant horizontal speed of a projectile, unaffected by gravity.

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Launch Velocity

The initial velocity of a projectile at the moment it is launched.

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Direction of acceleration of a projectile

The direction of the acceleration of a projectile is always downwards, towards the center of the Earth, due to the force of gravity.

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Optimal Launch Angle

The angle at which a projectile is launched that results in the greatest horizontal distance traveled.

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Gravitational Acceleration

The acceleration due to gravity acting on a projectile, influencing its vertical motion.

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Horizontal Velocity and Falling Time

The time it takes for an object to fall vertically is independent of its horizontal velocity. Therefore, both balls will take the same time to reach the ground, regardless of their initial horizontal speeds.

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Vertical Displacement Calculation

The distance an object travels vertically is determined by its initial vertical velocity, the time it spends in the air, and the acceleration due to gravity. In this case, the initial vertical velocity is 0, so the distance jumped is solely determined by the time in the air and gravity.

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Projectile Motion: Vertical and Horizontal Independence

The time it takes for an object to fall from a certain height is independent of its horizontal velocity. This is because gravity affects only the vertical motion of the object. Therefore, both balls will take the same time to hit the ground, even though they have different horizontal speeds.

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Simultaneous Arrival

Ignoring air resistance, an object thrown horizontally will fall at the same rate as an object simply dropped from the same height. This means they will both hit the ground simultaneously.

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Velocity

The change in an object's position over time.

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Horizontal Component of Velocity

The speed of an object in a specific direction, calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken.

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Vertical Component of Velocity

The speed of an object in the vertical direction, influenced by gravity.

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Horizontal Distance

The horizontal distance covered by an object in a given time, assuming no friction.

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Vertical Distance

The vertical distance travelled by an object, influenced by gravity.

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Vertical Velocity Changes Due to Gravity

The vertical component of velocity changes due to acceleration due to gravity.

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Study Notes

Problem 16-18

  • A stunt car is driven horizontally off a cliff.
  • The path of the car is shown in a diagram.
  • The car leaves the cliff at point A.
  • The car travels to point B in 0.50 seconds.
  • The distance from point A to point B is 8.0 meters horizontally.
  • Acceleration due to gravity is -10 m/s².

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Description

This quiz explores the motion of a stunt car driven horizontally off a cliff. It covers the principles of horizontal motion and free fall, focusing on the car's trajectory from point A to point B over 0.50 seconds with a distance of 8.0 meters. Test your understanding of these concepts in the context of physics.

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