Physics Chapter 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which mass unit is defined by the mass of a Pt-Ir alloy cylinder?

  • Kilogram (correct)
  • Milligram
  • Pound
  • Gram

What is the standard unit for measuring time established in 1960?

  • Second (correct)
  • Minute
  • Millisecond
  • Hour

What is the relationship between 1 mile and its equivalent in kilometers?

  • 1 mile = 2.0 km
  • 1 mile = 1.609 km (correct)
  • 1 mile = 1.006 km
  • 1 mile = 0.785 km

In dimensional analysis, what does the term 'dimension' refer to?

<p>The physical nature of a quantity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is density calculated from mass and volume in SI units?

<p>Density = Mass / Volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for measuring electric current?

<p>Ampere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams are in one kilogram?

<p>1000 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the volume of a solid cube calculated if each edge has a length of 5.35 cm?

<p>Volume = (5.35 cm)^3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the basic quantities that the laws of physics are expressed in terms of?

<p>Mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quantity is used to define the standard of length since 1983?

<p>The speed of light in vacuum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of physics, the dimensions of length, mass, and time are represented by which symbols?

<p>L, M, T (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total weightage of the final exam in the evaluation scheme?

<p>50 Marks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chapters is allocated the greatest number of weeks in the course timeline?

<p>Statics and Torque (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum mark obtainable from quizzes and assignments combined?

<p>20 Marks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of physics is addressed in Chapter 4 following Fluid Statics?

<p>Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mark distribution for the oral exam in the course evaluation?

<p>10 Marks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the constant m derived from the equation where $a \propto r^{n} v^{m}$?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the dimensional analysis, what is the relationship that leads to the conclusion $1 = n + m$?

<p>It balances the dimensions of the velocity terms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the SI units of the proportionality constant G in Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

<p>m³/kg·s² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship where gravitational force F is proportional to masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance?

<p>$F = G \frac{Mm}{r^{2}}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the relationship $a \propto r^{n} \cdot v^{m}$ in terms of dimensional analysis?

<p>It illustrates the direct dependency on both position and velocity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the given equations, what does the relationship $a = k r^{-1} v^{2}$ represent in dimensional terms?

<p>It defines how acceleration relates inversely to distance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the dimensional correctness of the equation $v = a t$ confirmed?

<p>Both sides must have units of $m/s$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical relationship is represented by the equation $ LT^{-2} = L^{n}T^{-m}$?

<p>It relates the dimensions to establish a fundamental physics identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dimensional formula for momentum?

<p>MLT-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dimensional analysis, which of the following quantities is dimensionally consistent with kinetic energy?

<p>Potential Energy (A), Work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the dimensions of acceleration are LT-2, how do you express the dimensions of distance traveled in terms of time?

<p>x = ½aT2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimension of potential energy derived from the formula P.E = mgh?

<p>ML2T-2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to check the validity of a formula in dimensional analysis?

<p>Checking L.H.S and R.H.S dimensions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the dimensions for area?

<p>L2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the distance 'x' is proportional to the square of time 't', what relationship does 'x' have with acceleration 'a' based on dimensional analysis?

<p>x = k a t2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the derived formula x = a t2, what aspect remains to be determined by other methods?

<p>The proportionality constant k (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dimensional Analysis

A method to check the correctness of equations by ensuring that the units on both sides of the equation are the same.

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Describes the gravitational force between two objects with masses M and m, separated by a distance r.

Units of Gravitational Constant (G)

The SI units of G are kg⁻¹⋅m³⋅s⁻².

Dimensional Consistency

Equations must have the same units on both sides to be valid.

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Variable Units

Each variable in a physical equation must have corresponding units, such as meters (m) for length, seconds (s) for time, kilograms (kg) for mass, etc

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Gravitational Force

The attractive force between any two objects with mass.

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Proportionality Constant

A constant relating two quantities in a relationship.

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Standard of length

The standard unit for length, defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in a specific time.

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Standard of mass

The standard unit for mass, usually based on a physical object.

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Standard of time

The standard unit for time, usually based on a repeating phenomenon.

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Physics quantities (mechanics)

Quantities in mechanics (like force, velocity, volume) that can be expressed using length, mass, and time.

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Meter (unit)

The SI unit of length, equal to the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

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Conversion of units

Changing a measurement from one unit to another using conversion factors.

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SI Unit for Mass

The kilogram (kg).

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SI Unit for Length

The meter (m).

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SI Unit for Time

The second (s).

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Kilogram's Definition

The mass of a specific platinum-iridium alloy cylinder.

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Second's Definition

9 192 631 770 periods of radiation from a Cesium-133 atom.

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Unit Conversion

Changing a measurement from one unit to another.

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Dimensional Analysis

Checking if equations are correct by verifying consistent units.

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Dimension of Area

Area is length squared (L²)

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Dimension of Volume

Volume is length cubed (L³)

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Dimension of Velocity

Velocity is length per time (LT⁻¹)

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Dimension of Acceleration

Acceleration is length per time squared (LT⁻²)

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Dimension of Momentum

Momentum is mass times velocity (MLT⁻¹)

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Dimension of Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy is mass times velocity squared, or (ML²T⁻²)

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Dimension of Potential Energy

Potential Energy is mass times acceleration due to gravity times height (ML²T⁻²)

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Dimensional Analysis - Validity Check

Checking if a formula's dimensions match on both sides.

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Dimensional Analysis - Derivation

Using dimensions to find a formula.

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Dimensional Analysis Example (Distance)

Distance covered with constant acceleration is proportional to time squared and acceleration. (x = ½at²)

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Dimensional Proportionality

Determining the relationship between physical quantities based on their dimensions.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course title: Physics (F/R-001)
  • Instructor: Dr. Mohaned Mohammed
  • Department/University: School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Assiut

Lectures

  • Delivery method: Face-to-face

Textbooks

  • Physics for Scientists and Engineers, R.A. Serway and J.W. Jewett, 8th Edition, Thomson Books/Cole 2013
  • College Physics, PAUL PETER URONE, ROGER HINRICHS, OpenStax

Evaluation

  • Mid-term exam: 10 marks
  • Quizzes/assignments: 10 marks
  • Practical exam: 20 marks
  • Oral exam: 10 marks
  • Final exam: 50 marks

Course Topics & Timeline

  • Chapter 1: Physics and Measurement (2 weeks)
  • Chapter 2: Statics and Torque (4 weeks)
  • Mid-term Exam (1 week)
  • Chapter 3: Fluid Statics (2 weeks)
  • Chapter 4: Fluid Dynamics and its Biological and Medical Applications (2 weeks)
  • Chapter 5: Physics of Hearing (2 weeks)
  • Final Exam

Chapter 1: Physics and Measurements

  • Topics:
    • Standards of length, mass, and time
    • Conversion of units
    • Dimensional Analysis

1. Standards of Length, Mass, and Time

  • Length: Based on the speed of light in a vacuum (since 1983)
    • Meter: distance light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 seconds
  • Mass: Based on a platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) alloy cylinder (since 1887)
    • Kilogram: the mass of a specific Pt-Ir alloy cylinder
  • Time: Based on the atomic clock (since 1960)
    • Second: the characteristic frequency of radiation from a cesium-133 atom

2. Conversion of Units

  • Converting between different systems of units (e.g., cgs, mks, British Engineering)

3. Dimensional Analysis

  • Dimension: the physical nature of a quantity
  • Basic quantities in mechanics: Length (L), Mass (M), Time (T)
  • Dimension of several physics quantities are shown (e.g., area, volume, velocity, acceleration, momentum, kinetic energy, potential energy)
  • Method to check the validity of a formula, and derive formulas
  • Examples provided on how to apply dimensional analysis

Quick Quizzes

  • Quick Quiz 1.1: Identifying the larger of two cams made of different materials, considering their similar mass
  • Quick Quiz 1.2: Determining if dimensional analysis can provide the numerical value of constants in algebraic expressions
  • Quick Quiz 1.3: Calculating the distance between two cities in kilometers, given the distance in miles

Answers to Quick Quizzes

  • Quick Quiz 1.1 Answer: Aluminum cam

  • Quick Quiz 1.2 Answer: False (dimensional analysis only provides units)

  • Quick Quiz 1.3 Answer: Larger than 100

HW-1 Serway Version 6 P. 15 and 17

  • Problem 15: Identifying dimensionally correct equations involving velocity, acceleration, distance
  • Problem 17: Determining the SI units of the proportionality constant (G) in Newton's law of universal gravitation

Additional Homework problems

  • Problem 17 and other problems are provided

Other Topics

  • Units analysis (International System (SI))

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Physics Chapter 1 PDF

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