Physics Chapter 1: Forces and Motion

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about temperature is accurate?

Temperature reflects the average kinetic energy of a system. (correct)

Temperature can only be measured in Celsius.

Temperature is an indication of the amount of heat energy present.

Temperature does not vary based on the medium.

What is the formula for calculating power?

P = W / t (correct)

P = F x d

P = KE / PE

P = m x g x h

What process occurs when a solid transitions directly to a gas?

Sublimation (correct)

Condensation

Melting

Deposition

Which of the following correctly expresses the formula for kinetic energy?

KE = ½ m x v^2 Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for originating quantum theory?

Max Planck Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is potential energy at its maximum?

When an object is at its highest position Signup and view all the answers

During which process does a gas transition to a liquid state?

Condensation Signup and view all the answers

What defines the amplitude of a wave?

The maximum distance the particles move from their rest position Signup and view all the answers

What is thermal expansion?

The tendency of materials to expand when heated. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sound is true?

Sound is produced by vibrations Signup and view all the answers

What type of force is exerted by gravity?

Gravitational force Signup and view all the answers

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be?

Converted from one form to another Signup and view all the answers

According to Newton's 1st Law of Motion, what will happen to a body at rest?

It won't change its motion unless acted on by a net external force. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of wave do particles move parallel to the direction of wave propagation?

Longitudinal wave Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula relating force, mass, and acceleration in the 2nd law of motion?

F = ma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes rarefaction in a wave?

A region where molecules are spread out Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'centripetal force' refer to?

A force that acts toward the center of circular motion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?

Law of interaction Signup and view all the answers

What does displacement represent in motion?

How far an object is from its starting point. Signup and view all the answers

How is centripetal acceleration defined mathematically?

a = v^2/r Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist developed the laws of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler Signup and view all the answers

What type of instrument is the Palendag?

A bamboo flute played by blowing through it Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instruments is characterized by being composed of five to nine small gongs?

Kulintang Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation to calculate the speed of sound based on temperature?

$v = 331m/s + (0.6m/s °C)T$ Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated that the speed of sound increases with temperature in 1740?

Giovanni Ludovico Bianconi Signup and view all the answers

Which property refers to the bouncing back of waves?

Reflection Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the bending of light when it passes through different media?

Refraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes visible light?

A type of electromagnetic wave detectable by human eyes Signup and view all the answers

What does the Palipal instrument represent in the Maranao culture?

A flute symbolizing mourning and sadness Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1: Resisting Change

Force: Any push or pull, six types
- Applied force: Force applied through pushing or pulling
- Gravitational force: Force exerted by gravity
- Normal force: Perpendicular to the surface an object is in contact with
- Elastic force: Present in springs
- Tension force: Present in cables or cords
- Frictional force: Impedes motion
Isaac Newton: Born December 25, 1642
- Developed three laws of motion
- Developed the law of universal gravitation
- Made contributions to infinitesimal calculus
1st Law of Motion (Inertia): A body at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a net external force.
- Inertia: Tendency of a body to resist changes in motion

Chapter 1: Embracing Change

2nd Law of Motion (Acceleration): Acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass (F=ma)
- F: Net external force in Newtons (N)
- m: Mass in kilograms (kg)
- a: Acceleration in meters per second squared (m/s^2)
3rd Law of Motion (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Chapter 2: Work, Work, and Away!

Displacement: Distance from a starting point.
Power: Rate of doing work (P=W/t)
- P: Power (in watts)
- W: Work (in Joules)
- t: Time (in seconds)
Work: Product of force and displacement in the direction of the force (W=Fd)
- W: Work (in Joules)
- F: Force (in Newtons)
- d: Displacement (in meters)

Chapter 2: Constantly Round and Round

Uniform circular motion: Motion in a circular path at a constant speed.
Centripetal force: Center-seeking force in circular motion, towards the center.
Centripetal acceleration: Force directed toward the center of a circular path
- a= v²/r
  - a: Centripetal acceleration
  - v: Velocity
  - r: Radius
Johannes Kepler: Developed three laws of planetary motion
- 1: Planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths with the sun at a focus
- 2: A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
- 3: The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

Chapter 3: Nature of Sound

Sound: Produced by vibrations
Properties of sound:
- Pitch: Perception of sound frequency
- Amplitude/Loudness: Energy of vibrations
- Speed: How quickly sound moves through a medium
- Reflection: Sound bouncing off a surface
- Timbre: Distinguishing different sounds of the same frequency
Waves: Any disturbance that carries energy from one place to another
Mechanical waves: Need a medium for transmission
Electromagnetic waves: Do not require a medium

Chapter 3: Energy for You and Me

Energy: Ability to do work
Potential energy (PE): Energy possessed due to position (PE = mgh)
- m: Mass
- g: Acceleration due to gravity
- h: Height
Kinetic energy (KE): Energy of motion (KE = 1/2mv²)
- m: Mass
- v: Velocity

Chapter 4: What is Light?

Light: Electromagnetic wave traveling without a medium.
Properties of light:
- Reflection: Light bounces off a surface
- Refraction: Light bends when passing through different media
- Diffraction: Light bends when passing through a gap
- Polarization: Light vibrating in a specific direction

Chapter 4: Length of That Color

Visible light: Frequency range detectable by the human eye.
Electromagnetic waves: Various types, ranging from radio waves to gamma rays, each with different frequencies and wavelengths.

Chapter 5: It's Getting Hot in Here

Temperature: Average kinetic energy of a system
- Measured using Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, or Rankine scales
Heat: Energy in transit
Thermal equilibrium: Balance of heat transfer between objects when they reach equal temperatures.
Anders Celsius: Invented the temperature scale (which became known as the centigrade scale).

Chapter 5: Effects of Heat

Phase changes: Processes of a substance changing from one phase to another, absorbing or releasing heat throughout this process
- Melting: Solid to Liquid
- Evaporation: Liquid to Gas
- Condensation: Gas to Liquid
- Freezing: Liquid to Solid
- Sublimation: Solid to Gas
- Deposition: Gas to Solid
Thermal expansion: Tendency of a material to increase in size when heated.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts from Chapter 1 on forces and motion. This quiz covers various types of forces, Isaac Newton's contributions, and the laws of motion, including inertia and acceleration. Test your understanding of these crucial topics in physics.