Physics Chapter 1 Basic Concepts

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Questions and Answers

How much energy does a 100-W electric bulb consume in two hours?

  • 1,440 kJ
  • 200 kJ
  • 720 kJ (correct)
  • 300 kJ

What type of element is characterized as not being able to generate energy in an electric circuit?

  • Independent source
  • Passive element (correct)
  • Active element
  • Dependent source

What is the energy consumption of a heater that draws 10A connected to a 115V outlet over 6 hours?

  • 6.9 kWh (correct)
  • 5.5 kWh
  • 8.0 kWh
  • 12.3 kWh

Which of these is NOT an active element in a circuit?

<p>Capacitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of an ideal independent voltage source?

<p>It is independent of other circuit elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source type delivers power to a circuit and is regulated by external factors?

<p>Dependent source (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a circuit is made exclusively of passive elements, which of the following is true?

<p>The circuit cannot supply power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol can represent a time-varying voltage source?

<p>Figure 1.11(b) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Energy Consumption Calculation

  • A 100-W electric bulb consumes energy calculated through the formula: ( w = pt = 100 , \text{W} \times 2 , \text{h} \times 3600 , \text{s/h} ).
  • The energy consumed in two hours equals 720,000 joules or 720 kJ.
  • Another representation of the same energy consumption is 200 watt-hours (Wh).

Practice Problem

  • An electric heater drawing 10A from a 115V outlet consumes 6.9 kilowatt-hours over 6 hours.

Circuit Elements Overview

  • Circuit elements are the fundamental components that make up an electric circuit.
  • Circuit analysis involves determining voltages across and currents through circuit elements.

Types of Circuit Elements

  • Circuit elements can be categorized into passive and active elements:
    • Passive Elements: Do not generate energy; include resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
    • Active Elements: Capable of generating energy; include generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers.

Active Elements and Power Sources

  • Voltage or current sources are crucial active elements that deliver power in circuits.
  • Two types of sources exist:
    • Independent Sources: Provide constant voltage or current, unaffected by other circuit elements. They maintain terminal voltage by supplying necessary current.
    • Dependent Sources: Their output depends on other circuit parameters.

Ideal Sources and Their Symbols

  • Ideal independent voltage sources: Deliver consistent voltage irrespective of the current drawn. Common approximations include batteries and generators.
  • Symbols for independent voltage sources can represent both direct current (DC) and time-varying sources.
  • Ideal independent current sources provide a fixed current regardless of the voltage across them.

Understanding Circuit Diagrams

  • Familiarity with circuit symbols, especially for independent voltage sources, enhances understanding of circuit schematics.

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