Physics Calorimetry Experiment

It is the heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid without a temperature change.

It is the heat needed to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas without changing its temperature.

The SI unit is joules per kilogram (J kg⁻¹).

<p>A high latent heat of vaporization and a low boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A heat pump moves energy from a cooler area to a warmer area, requiring work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perspiration absorbs latent heat of vaporization from the body, cooling it down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measures heat conduction through 1 m² of a structure per second for a 1 K temperature difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heated fluid becomes less dense and rises, while cooler fluid sinks, creating circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark surfaces radiate and absorb heat better than bright or shiny ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of the added ice was measured using a balance scale to ensure accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ice was kept in a freezer until just before addition and checked with a thermometer to confirm it was at 0.0 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The calorimeter could be insulated using Styrofoam or placed in a heat-insulating jacket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of the steam was determined by subtracting the initial mass of the calorimeter and water from its mass after steam addition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sensitive thermometer was used to detect small temperature changes accurately during the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection causes hot water to rise to the top of the tank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of a photovoltaic cell is to convert sunlight into electrical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat travels by radiation, leading to a significant increase in temperature when the barrier is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This helps negate heat loss effects and allows for a larger change in temperature to reduce percentage error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A low heat capacity thermometer minimizes the amount of heat absorbed by itself during the measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is calculated using the formula involving the mass of water and the temperature change experienced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of ice is calculated by measuring the initial mass of the water, adding the mass of melted ice, and using the heat loss formula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good insulation minimizes heat loss or gain from the environment, ensuring accurate results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stirring ensures uniform distribution of temperature throughout the liquid inside the calorimeter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be calculated using the total energy supplied and the temperature change observed in the block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize heat loss to the surroundings and ensure accurate measurements of energy transfers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry steam ensures that heat transfer is due solely to the latent heat of vaporization, without interference from water droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K; it is crucial for understanding heat transfer in materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A heat pump transfers energy from the cold interior to the warmer outside, thus lowering the temperature of the cold region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy absorbed can be calculated using the formula $Q = mcΔT$, where $m$ is the mass of water and $ΔT$ is the change in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The calorimeter measures temperature changes in the system, allowing for calculations of the latent heat based on energy transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employing better insulation techniques and using materials with higher thermal conductivity for heating stones could improve efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The athlete's temperature decreases as perspiration evaporates, removing heat from the body and cooling it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction is the process of heat transfer through direct contact between materials, where heat moves from hotter to cooler regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electronic balance provides accurate mass measurements, essential for calculating energy changes and ensuring valid results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K, quantified in joules per kilogram per kelvin (J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formula is: heat = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy required is 910 J.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific heat capacity of water is 4180 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat is the heat required to change a substance's state without changing its temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of a storage heater is to store heat during off-peak hours and release it gradually throughout the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In calorimetry, the heat lost by the hotter object equals the heat gained by the cooler object, ensuring energy conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unit for specific latent heat is joules per kilogram (J/kg).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweat absorbs heat from the body as it evaporates, which cools the skin and helps maintain body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The compressor increases the pressure of the refrigerant, turning it into a liquid while releasing heat through the cooling fins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The varying times for wax to melt off the arms indicate that different metals have different rates of heat conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are critical for determining the energy transfers associated with temperature changes and phase changes in substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A U-value measures the rate of heat transfer through a building element for a one-degree temperature difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The removal of the Perspex screen allows for increased heat transfer by radiation, leading to a more significant temperature increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific heat capacity remains constant and is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starting below room temperature mitigates heat loss effects and supports accurate measurement of energy supplied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy supplied is calculated by reading the joulemeter, which tracks the total energy delivered to the metal block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stirring ensures uniform temperature distribution throughout the water, leading to accurate final measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electrical energy, which can be used for heating buildings and other applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A low heat capacity thermometer minimizes heat absorption, ensuring accurate temperature readings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They capture sunlight with solar collectors, transfer the heat to a fluid, and distribute it for heating purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulation prevents heat loss to the environment, ensuring accurate measurements during thermal experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding ice slowly helps ensure that the measured heat transfer accurately reflects the melting process without rapid temperature fluctuations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat energy is calculated using the formula: heat = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat is the heat required to change a substance’s state without changing its temperature. For example, it is the energy absorbed when ice melts into water at 0 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A storage heater stores heat during off-peak hours, typically overnight, when electricity is cheaper, and releases it gradually throughout the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific heat capacity of water is 4180 J/kg K, and it is significant because it indicates water's ability to absorb and store heat, influencing climate and weather patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a calorimeter, heat transfer occurs between substances until thermal equilibrium is reached, ensuring accurate measurement of heat absorbed or released.</p> Signup and view all the answers