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Questions and Answers
What is the fundamental unit of length?
What is the derived unit of force?
What does the prefix 'kilo-' represent?
What type of uncertainty is the ratio of absolute uncertainty to the measured value?
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Which of the following digits is not significant in a measurement?
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What is the fundamental unit of thermodynamic temperature?
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Study Notes
Fundamental Units
- There are seven fundamental units in physics:
- Meter (m) - length
- Kilogram (kg) - mass
- Second (s) - time
- Ampere (A) - electric current
- Kelvin (K) - thermodynamic temperature
- Mole (mol) - amount of substance
- Candela (cd) - luminous intensity
Derived Units
- Derived units are formed by combining fundamental units:
- Velocity: m/s
- Acceleration: m/s²
- Force: N (Newton) = kg·m/s²
- Energy: J (Joule) = N·m = kg·m²/s²
- Power: W (Watt) = J/s = kg·m²/s³
Prefixes
- Prefixes are used to denote multiples and fractions of units:
- kilo- (k): 10³
- centi- (c): 10⁻²
- milli- (m): 10⁻³
- micro- (μ): 10⁻⁶
- nano- (n): 10⁻⁹
- pico- (p): 10⁻¹²
Measurement Uncertainty
- Measurement uncertainty arises due to limitations in measurement tools and techniques:
- Absolute uncertainty: the maximum possible error in a measurement
- Relative uncertainty: the ratio of absolute uncertainty to the measured value
- Percentage uncertainty: relative uncertainty expressed as a percentage
Significant Figures
- Significant figures (sig figs) represent the number of digits in a measurement that are known with certainty:
- Non-zero digits are always significant
- Zeros between non-zero digits are significant
- Leading zeros are not significant
- Trailing zeros are significant only if the number contains a decimal point
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Description
Test your knowledge of fundamental and derived units, prefixes, measurement uncertainty, and significant figures in physics. Learn the basics of physics measurements and calculations.
