Physics Basics and Fundamentals

Branches of Physics

• Mechanics: Study of motion, force, energy, and matter.
• Thermodynamics: Study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer.
• Electromagnetism: Study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves.
• Optics: Study of light, its properties, and its behavior.
• Quantum Mechanics: Study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.
• Relativity: Study of the nature of space and time.

Key Concepts

• Motion:
  • Types: translational, rotational, and circular motion.
  • Described by position, velocity, and acceleration.
• Energy:
  • Types: kinetic, potential, thermal, and electromagnetic energy.
  • Conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted.
• Force:
  • Types: gravitational, normal, frictional, and electromagnetic forces.
  • Newton's laws: describe the relationship between force and motion.

Important Laws and Principles

• Newton's Laws:
  1. Inertia: an object at rest remains at rest, an object in motion remains in motion.
  2. Force and acceleration: force is proportional to acceleration.
  3. Action and reaction: every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
• Law of Universal Gravitation: every point mass attracts every other point mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
• Conservation of Momentum: the total momentum of a closed system remains constant.

Important Physicists

• Isaac Newton: developed laws of motion and universal gravitation.
• Albert Einstein: developed theory of relativity and famous equation E=mc^2.
• Marie Curie: pioneered radioactivity research and discovered elements polonium and radium.
• Galileo Galilei: contributed to the scientific revolution and developed telescope.

Learn the basics of physics, including branches of physics, key concepts, important laws and principles, and notable physicists. Covering motion, energy, force, Newton's laws, and more.