Physics Basic Formulas Flashcards

Study Notes

Speed and Velocity

Speed is calculated as distance divided by time (s = d/t), expressed in m/s or cm/s.
Velocity is defined as displacement divided by time (v = d/t) and includes direction, also measured in m/s.

Acceleration and Gravity

Acceleration (a) formula: (final velocity - initial velocity) divided by time, measured in m/s².
The acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately 10 m/s² for free-falling objects.

Force and Weight

Newton's Second Law states that force (F) equals mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a), expressed in Newtons (N).
The gravitational force acting on an object (Fg) calculates to mass multiplied by gravity, representing its weight (W), also measured in Newtons (N).

Hooke's Law and Kinetic Energy

Hooke's Law states that the extension of a spring (x) is proportional to the load applied (F), expressed as F = kx, where k is the spring constant in N/m or N/cm.
Kinetic Energy (Ek) is given by the formula Ek = 1/2mv², where m is mass and v is velocity, measured in Joules (J).

Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy (Ep) is calculated using Ep = mhg, where m is mass, h is height, and g is acceleration due to gravity (10 m/s²). Measured in Joules (J).
Conservation of energy states that at the top of a fall, gravitational potential energy (mgh) equals kinetic energy (1/2mv²) at the bottom of the fall.

Work and Energy

Work (W) is defined as force (F) multiplied by distance (d), measured in Joules (J).
Work done changes an object's energy, either its kinetic or potential energy (W = ΔE).
Conservation of energy in a system asserts that work done results in an equivalent change in energy (W = ΔEk or ΔEp).

Power and Efficiency

Power (P) is the rate of doing work or transferring energy, calculated as P = W/t or P = ΔE/t, measured in Watts (W) or Joules per second (J/s).
Efficiency is calculated by the formula: (useful work output / total work input) x 100%, expressed as a percentage (%).

Pressure and Heat Energy

Pressure (P) is defined as force divided by area (P = F/A), with depths in a fluid contributing to pressure calculated as P = pgh, where p is density, g is gravity, and h is height (or depth), measured in Pascals (Pa) or N/m².
Heat energy (Q) required to change the temperature of a mass (m) without a phase change is given by Q = mcΔT, where ΔT is the change in temperature, measured in Joules (J).

Specific Heat Capacity and Phase Change

Specific heat capacity (c) measures the heat required to change 1 kg of a substance by 1°C, given by c = Q/(mΔT), expressed in J/kg°C.
Heat energy for phase change, either melting (Lf) or boiling (Lv), is represented by Q = mL, measured in Joules (J).

Description

This quiz consists of flashcards focused on basic physics formulas, including concepts related to speed, velocity, acceleration, and gravity. Each card presents a formula alongside its definition, providing a quick reference for students. Perfect for revising fundamental physics principles.