Physics: Base and Derived Quantities

False (B)

Length

<p>kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N/m² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed = Length/Time Force = Mass×Acceleration Pressure = Force/Area Energy = Force×Distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They eliminate confusion and ensure consistency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They ensure standardized measurements for manufacturing and safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>unified</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global Standardization = Facilitates international trade and collaboration Precision and Accuracy = Based on reproducible physical constants Simplifies Conversions = Based on the decimal system Educational Consistency = Common foundation for scientific principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distance a light beam travels in a specific time frame (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mars Climate Orbiter crash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A point's location relative to the origin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vector with the same magnitude as a given vector but opposite in direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal Vectors = Vectors with same magnitude and direction Orthogonal Vectors = Vectors that are perpendicular to each other Collinear Vectors = Vectors lying along the same line Coplanar Vectors = Vectors that lie in the same plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(1, 0) and (0, 1) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vectors that lie along the same line or parallel lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fahrenheit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fahrenheit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celsius = 0°C is freezing point of water Fahrenheit = 32°F is freezing point of water Kelvin = 0 K is absolute zero Common Usage = Widely used in daily life and science</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mercury thermometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K = C + 273.15</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CoG affects how weight is distributed, influencing stability and balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction = Direct molecular contact Convection = Bulk fluid movement Radiation = Electromagnetic waves Thermal conduction = Occurs in solids only</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>xCoG = ∑(Wi⋅xi) / ∑Wi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeling warmth from a fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K = C + 273.15 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>32°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9/5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frictional Force = Resistance when two surfaces slide Tension Force = Force exerted through a rope when pulled Normal Force = Support force perpendicular to an object Applied Force = Direct push or pull by a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>180 divisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A force that occurs when two objects are in contact, e.g., frictional force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They operate through a field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A metal spoon becoming hot in boiling water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires a medium and occurs between molecules in contact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm, less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid sinks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol thermometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hot, cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol Thermometer = Less toxic and suitable for low temperatures Mercury Thermometer = Suitable for high temperatures and hazardous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mercury Thermometer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colored alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Has both magnitude and direction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force = Vector Temperature = Scalar Displacement = Vector Time = Scalar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vector addition and subtraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>bold</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kelvin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celsius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celsius = Used widely in science and daily life Fahrenheit = Commonly used in the United States Kelvin = An absolute temperature scale starting from absolute zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mercury thermometers provide more accurate readings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>273.15</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>212</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celsius = Global &amp; scientific Kelvin = Scientific Fahrenheit = U.S. &amp; territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frictional Force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A force that acts on an object without physical contact, such as gravitational or magnetic force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfers heat using electromagnetic waves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction involves direct contact, while convection involves bulk fluid movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>∑(Wi⋅xi)∑Wi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction = Direct molecular contact Convection = Bulk fluid movement Radiation = Electromagnetic waves None = Requires no medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeling warmth from a heater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break the object into smaller parts and apply the formula for each axis using their weights and coordinates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fundamental physical quantities defined independently and not derived from other quantities.

Physical quantities defined using mathematical relationships from base quantities.

Length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, luminous intensity.

Speed, force, pressure, energy.

Units of measurement for base and derived quantities, part of the International System of Units.

Distance over time.

Mass times acceleration

Form the foundation for all other physical quantities.

Length of a vector, representing a value and its direction.

A vector that shows a point's location from the origin.

Vectors with the same magnitude and direction.

Perpendicular vectors.

Vectors with the same or opposite direction.

Shortest vector between two points.

Same magnitude, opposite direction.

Vectors along the same line.

Using SI units ensures worldwide consistency, simplifying international trade and collaboration.

SI units are based on precise, reproducible physical constants, ensuring consistent and accurate measurements.

SI units provide a unified framework for various scientific disciplines, making data sharing easier.

SI units are based on the decimal system, making conversions between units easy.

Standardized measurements are essential for manufacturing, quality control, and innovation in technology.

Many countries mandate SI units for legal documents and trade, ensuring fairness and consistency.

Teaching SI units globally creates a common foundation for understanding scientific principles.

A thermometer that uses mercury's expansion to measure temperature. It's known for its precision and accuracy, especially at higher temperatures.

A thermometer that uses alcohol's expansion to measure temperature. It's preferred for measuring extremely low temperatures.

A temperature scale where water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C. It's commonly used worldwide.

A temperature scale where water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F. It's primarily used in the United States.

An absolute temperature scale where 0 K represents absolute zero, the point where molecular motion stops. It's used in scientific calculations.

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. (K = °C + 273.15)

To convert Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273.15 from the Kelvin temperature. (°C = K - 273.15)

The theoretical lowest possible temperature, where all molecular motion ceases. It's represented as 0 K on the Kelvin scale.

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, requiring no medium.

Radiation doesn't need a medium; it can travel through a vacuum.

Infrared radiation emitted from a hot object travels as electromagnetic waves.

The point where an object's entire weight acts as if concentrated, regardless of its orientation.

Break the object into parts, assign coordinates and weights, then use formulas for each axis.

xCoG = (∑(Wi * xi)) / ∑Wi, where Wi is weight and xi is x-coordinate of each part.

The CoG's position affects an object's stability; lower CoG means more stability.

A lower CoG makes an object more stable because it has a larger base of support.

A temperature scale widely used globally and in scientific contexts, where water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.

The absolute temperature scale where 0 K represents absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature. Water freezes at 273.15 K and boils at 373.15 K.

A temperature scale primarily used in the United States, where water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F.

A force that arises when two objects are physically touching each other and exert a direct influence on each other.

A force that acts upon objects without the need for direct physical contact, often through fields or interactions at a distance.

Friction is a contact force that resists motion between two surfaces in contact. Think of the force you feel when rubbing your hands together.

Gravity is a non-contact force that pulls objects towards each other with a strength dependent on their masses and distance. It keeps you grounded on Earth.

A contact force that acts along a rope, string, or cable when it is pulled taut, transmitting force from one end to the other.

Heat is the energy transferred due to a temperature difference, while temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles.

Heat always flows from a hotter object to a cooler one.

Heat is measured using a calorimeter, a device that measures the heat absorbed or released.

Temperature is measured using a thermometer, which measures the average kinetic energy of particles.

Safer, less toxic, more sensitive to temperature changes.

Accurate, good for high temperatures, expands consistently.

A quantity represented by a single number with units, describing only its magnitude, without direction.

A quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction.

Distance is a scalar quantity, the total path length traveled. Displacement is a vector quantity, the shortest distance between start and end points, considering direction.

Speed is a scalar quantity describing how fast something moves. Velocity is a vector quantity describing both speed and direction.

Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude (how strong) and direction (which way it pushes or pulls).

Combining vectors by considering both magnitude and direction, often visualized with arrows.

Scalars are simple, just a number with units. Vectors are more complex, requiring both magnitude and direction for a full description.

Navigation uses both scalar and vector quantities: Speed (scalar) and direction (vector) are crucial for determining a path or location.

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. (K = °C + 273.15)

To convert Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273.15 from the Kelvin temperature. (°C = K - 273.15)

Examples of Contact Forces include: Friction, Tension, Normal Force, and Applied Force.

Examples of non-contact forces include gravity, electrostatic force, and magnetic force.

Heat transfer through direct contact between molecules, mainly in solids.

Heat transfer through the bulk movement of fluids (liquids or gases) due to temperature and density differences.

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, requiring no medium.

Radiation does not require a medium to transfer heat. It can travel through a vacuum.

Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves. It emits infrared radiation, which can travel through space.

For irregular shapes, break the object into smaller parts, assign coordinates and weights, then use formulas for each axis to find the CoG.

Heat transfer through direct contact between molecules, happening in solids, liquids, and gases.

Heat transfer through fluid movement, like air or water. Warmer fluids rise, cooler fluids sink.

Radiation uses electromagnetic waves and doesn't need a medium, while convection relies on fluid movement.