Physics and Chemistry Concepts Quiz

A negatively charged ion. Formed when an atom gains electrons.

A positively charged ion. Formed when an atom loses electrons.

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule. It represents the mass of one mole of the molecule.

A quantity of a substance containing 6.022 x 10^23 particles. This is equivalent to its atomic or molecular mass in grams.

A central, positively charged part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

A model proposing a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons orbiting it. Proposed by Ernest Rutherford.

The idea that the stability of an atom, how it holds together, was not fully explained by Rutherford's Atomic Model.

The discovery of the neutron was made by James Chadwick, not Bohr.

Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions. They can only be rearranged.

Atoms of the same element have the same mass and chemical properties.

Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.

Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.

The relative number and types of atoms in a given compound are always constant.

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

While gravity ALWAYS pulls things together, electromagnetic forces can both attract and repel.

Gravity depends on the amount of stuff (mass) in an object, while electromagnetic forces depend on both mass AND charge.

Gravity gets weaker the farther apart things are, but electromagnetic forces can be strong even over large distances.

Bacteria and fungi are both types of organisms that can cause diseases in plants.

Plant pathogens don't just affect the roots; they can spread to the entire plant.

Water can carry pathogens from one plant to another, leading to disease spread.

Fog, automobile exhaust smoke, and clouds are all examples of aerosols - tiny particles suspended in the air.

A singer's powerful voice can create sound waves so strong that they vibrate glass until it breaks.

Disinfectants are chemical substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on non-living surfaces, preventing infection.

Tincture of Iodine is a solution of 2% iodine in an alcohol-water mixture, used as an antiseptic.

The human microbiome refers to the diverse communities of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, that inhabit the human body.

Fungi, archaea, bacteria, protists and viruses are all types of microorganisms that can be found within the human microbiome.

Forests play a significant role in air purification by absorbing various pollutants. They also help prevent soil erosion by holding the soil together.

The blue color of the sky is caused by the scattering of sunlight by molecules present in the atmosphere.

The reddish appearance of the sun during sunset and sunrise is due to the longer wavelengths of light, like red and orange, being scattered less by the atmosphere.

Cell wall structure is not a criterion for classifying animals. Animals are characterized by their lack of a cell wall, unlike plants and fungi.

A type of solution in which the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell than inside, causing water from the cell to move out, leading to shrinkage.

A cluster of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. Tissues form the building blocks of organs and are fundamental for multicellular organisms.

A cellular organelle that acts as a packaging and dispatch center. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids, preparing them for secretion or delivery within the cell.

Organelles within cells that contain powerful digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials, old organelles, and foreign invaders.

The process by which cells break down substances to release energy. It occurs in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell.

An organized network of membranes within cells that acts as a pathway for transporting molecules and synthesizing proteins.

A cellular organelle that is the site of protein synthesis. It reads instructions from the DNA to build proteins.

The process by which cells take in substances from their surroundings. This can involve passive diffusion or active transport.

The process by which a cell takes on a specific role, shape, and function, often losing the ability to divide.

Tissue found in plants that is responsible for growth, found in areas where cell division occurs.

A type of meristematic tissue found at the tips of roots and shoots, responsible for increasing length.

A type of meristematic tissue found along the sides of stems and roots, responsible for increasing width.

A type of meristematic tissue found in specific areas of mature plants, responsible for growth at nodes and internodes.

Tiny pores on the outer layer of plant cells (epidermis) that allow for gas exchange and water loss (transpiration).

Organelles found only in plant cells that are responsible for storing and producing important materials like starch, oils, and proteins.

Organelles found only in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis.