Physics and Biology Quiz

Measuring Current

• An ammeter is used to measure the current in a circuit.

Current and Circuit Components

• The current in a circuit is primarily dependent on the voltage applied and the resistance of the components.

Parallel Circuits

• In parallel circuits, removing one branch will decrease the total current, but the current in the remaining branches will remain the same.

Series Circuits

• In a series circuit, adding more resistors will increase the total resistance and decrease the current.

Charging Objects

• Objects become charged by gaining or losing electrons.

Interaction of Charged Objects

• When two similarly charged objects are brought together, they repel each other.

Gravitational Field Strength

• Gravitational field strength is defined as the force of gravity per unit mass.

Current Patterns in Circuits

• In series circuits, current flows through each component in a single path.
• In parallel circuits, current splits into multiple paths, allowing each branch to experience its own current flow.

Extinction Drivers

• Habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and invasive species are some key drivers of extinction.

Evolution

• The process by which organisms evolve is called natural selection.

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

• Darwin primarily used fossil evidence, anatomical similarities, and geographic distribution of species to support his theory of natural selection.

Biodiversity and Ecosystems

• A lack of biodiversity can lead to ecosystem instability, making them more vulnerable to disruptions and decline.

Endangered Species

• An endangered species is a species that is at risk of extinction in the wild.

Captive Breeding

• Captive breeding programs aim to increase the population of endangered species in controlled environments.

Consequences of Extinction

• Extinction leads to a loss of biodiversity and disrupts ecological balance.

Preventing Extinction

• Habitat conservation, species protection laws, and captive breeding programs are some techniques used to prevent extinction.

DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes

• DNA contains the genetic instructions for an organism.
• Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits.
• Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus made of DNA that carry genes.

Parental Contribution to Offspring

• Chromosomes from both parents contribute to offspring through fertilization, where a sperm cell from the father fuses with an egg cell from the mother.

Number of Chromosomes

• Gametes (sperm and egg cells) have 23 chromosomes, while body cells (somatic cells) have 46 chromosomes.
• This difference is due to meiosis, which halves the number of chromosomes in gamete formation.

Mutations

• A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence, which can alter a gene's function.

Oxidation

• In chemical reactions, oxidation refers to the loss of electrons by a substance.

Periodic Table and Element Properties

• The position of an element in the periodic table provides information about its electron configuration, reactivity, and other properties.

Properties of Metals

• Metals are typically good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, and have a lustrous appearance.

Metal Oxidation

• When metals react with oxygen, oxidation occurs, forming metal oxides which are often solid compounds.

Metal Reactions with Acids

• The primary product when a metal reacts with an acid is a salt and hydrogen gas.

Potential Difference in Series Circuits

• In a series circuit, the potential difference (voltage) is divided among the components, meaning the sum of the individual voltage drops equals the total voltage applied.

Non-Metal and Metal Oxides

• Non-metal oxides are typically acidic, while metal oxides are typically basic.

Resistance and Series Circuits

• If the resistance of a component increases in a series circuit, the total resistance of the circuit will also increase.

Reactivity of Metals with Acids

• Increasing temperature generally increases the rate of reaction between metals and acids.

Series and Parallel Circuits

• Series circuits have a single path for current, while parallel circuits have multiple paths.

Word Equations

• In a word equation, the arrow indicates the direction of the reaction or process.

Chemical Changes in Metals

• Color change, gas production, and formation of a precipitate are indicators of a chemical change in metals.