Physics 2: Pendulum Concepts Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the point where a pendulum has maximum kinetic energy?

Equilibrium position (correct)
Angular displacement
Maximum height
Pivot point

In a simple pendulum, the cord's mass can be neglected.

True (A)

What happens to the potential energy as the pendulum moves from its highest point to the equilibrium position?

It converts into kinetic energy.

The formula for potential energy (P.E.) of a pendulum is ___.

P.E. = mgh Signup and view all the answers

Match the following variables with their definitions:

L = Length of the rod Θ = Angular displacement m = Mass of the bob g = Acceleration due to gravity Signup and view all the answers

What type of motion does a pendulum resemble in a closed system?

Simple harmonic motion (C) Signup and view all the answers

At the highest points of the bob's trajectory, there is maximum kinetic energy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What two types of energy are involved in the oscillation of a pendulum?

Kinetic energy and potential energy. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the maximum height of a wave crest?

Amplitude (B) Signup and view all the answers

Wavelength is defined as the distance between two successive crests.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between frequency and period?

Inversely proportional Signup and view all the answers

The formula for wave velocity is given by _____ = λf.

v Signup and view all the answers

What is the S.I. unit for intensity of a wave?

Watts per square meter (C) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following wave properties with their definitions:

Amplitude = Maximum height of a wave crest Wavelength = Distance between two crests Frequency = Number of cycles per unit time Period = Time elapsed between cycles Signup and view all the answers

The intensity of a wave is the amount of energy transported per unit area.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy as amplitude increases?

Energy increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between linear displacement along the arc and angular displacement?

s = LΘ (D) Signup and view all the answers

The restoring force is always a positive value.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the sine of Θ and Θ when Θ is less than 0.349 radians?

They are nearly equal. Signup and view all the answers

The formula for the restoring force is given by ___ = -mg sinΘ.

Frestoring Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their corresponding meaning:

Tension Force = Force that keeps the ball on the string Restoring Force = Force opposing the motion Linear Displacement = Distance along the arc Simple Harmonic Motion = Motion where restoring force is proportional to displacement Signup and view all the answers

Which equation approximates force for small angular displacements?

F ≈ -mgΘ (D) Signup and view all the answers

What constant represents the relationship between the restoring force and the arc length in simple harmonic motion?

L Signup and view all the answers

Angular displacement (Θ) is always expressed in degrees.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the period of a pendulum given the length L and acceleration due to gravity g?

$T = 2π rac{L}{g}$ (B) Signup and view all the answers

Mechanical waves do not require a medium to transfer energy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of waves are electromagnetic waves classified as?

Non-Mechanical Waves Signup and view all the answers

In the formula for frequency of a pendulum, the term $f = \frac{1}{2π} \sqrt{\frac{g}{L}}$ represents the relationship between _ and _ of the pendulum.

time, frequency Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of waves with their characteristics:

Mechanical Waves = Require a medium Longitudinal Waves = Particular displacement is parallel to wave direction Transverse Waves = Particular displacement is perpendicular to wave direction Non-Mechanical Waves = Do not require a medium Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rope when a pulse is created by a quick up-and-down motion of the hand?

Each section oscillates but does not travel in the same direction as the wave (B) Signup and view all the answers

A wave can carry matter from one place to another.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a wave travels along a cord?

Pulse Signup and view all the answers

What does power equal in terms of energy and time?

Power = Energy / Time (A) Signup and view all the answers

Intensity is directly proportional to the radius of a spherical wave.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Write the formula for intensity in terms of power and area.

I = P / A Signup and view all the answers

If power is constant, intensity decreases as the inverse square of the ________ from the source.

distance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Power = Rate at which energy is transferred Intensity = Power per unit area Potential Energy = Stored energy based on position Spherical Wave = Wave that propagates uniformly in all directions Signup and view all the answers

How is intensity affected if the radius of a spherical wave increases?

Intensity decreases inversely (D) Signup and view all the answers

Intensity is directly proportional to area when considering a constant power output.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What shape is formed by a wave that flows out in all directions?

Spherical wave Signup and view all the answers

What happens to intensity as the distance from a source increases?

Intensity decreases (C) Signup and view all the answers

The amplitude of a wave increases with distance from the source.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between intensity and amplitude?

Intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude. Signup and view all the answers

The angle of incidence (θᵢ) is always _____ to the angle of reflection (θᵣ).

equal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes reflection?

The bouncing back of waves when they encounter a barrier (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following wave behaviors with their definitions:

Reflection = Change in direction of a wave when it meets a barrier Refraction = Bending of waves as they enter a different medium Diffraction = Spreading of waves around obstacles Interference = Superposition of two or more waves overlapping Signup and view all the answers

When a wave is transmitted, it changes direction.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the _____ from the source.

distance Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a simple pendulum?

A simple pendulum consists of a small object, or a 'bob', suspended from a lightweight cord or rod. We assume the cord doesn't stretch, its mass is negligible, and the pivot is frictionless. It resembles simple harmonic motion in a closed system.

What is the period of a pendulum?

The period (T) of a pendulum refers to the time it takes to complete one full oscillation, swinging from one side to the other and back again. It's determined by the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity.

What is the amplitude of a pendulum?

The amplitude of a pendulum refers to the maximum angular displacement of the bob from its equilibrium position. It's the maximum angle the pendulum swings from its resting position.

How does energy change in a pendulum?

When the pendulum's bob is at the highest point of its swing, it has zero kinetic energy (not moving) and maximum potential energy (due to its height). At the lowest point, it has maximum kinetic energy (moving fastest) and zero potential energy.