Physical Therapy Assessment Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which muscles are primarily responsible for scapular winging?

Rhomboids and serratus anterior (correct)

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Upper trapezius and internal oblique

Cervical spine extensors and rectus abs

What condition is indicated by noticeable protrusion of the inferior angle of the scapulae?

Shoulder adduction

Scapular protraction

Kyphosis

Winged scapulae (correct)

Which observation is associated with tightness in the pectoralis minor and internal oblique muscles?

Kyphosis and depressed chest (correct)

Asymmetry to midline

Forward-head position

Protracted shoulders

In an individual with a forward-head position, which muscle group is likely to be tight?

Cervical spine extensors Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common muscle group implicated in shoulders that are protracted?

Pectoralis major and anterior scapulohumeral muscles Signup and view all the answers

What condition may indicate quadriceps and hip flexor dominance during movement initiation at the knees?

Initiation of movement at the knees Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to an inability to keep heels in contact with the floor?

Tight plantar flexors Signup and view all the answers

What could a lack of parallelism between the tibia and torso imply?

Improper movement mechanics Signup and view all the answers

What might a deficiency in gluteus group activation suggest?

Excessive hip flexor engagement Signup and view all the answers

Which issue is related to tightness in the plantar flexors?

Limited range of motion in the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely effect of poor mechanics during movement?

Injury risk elevation Signup and view all the answers

Which problem could result from insufficient activation of hip extensors?

Reduced stability during movements Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of an inability to achieve heel contact during movement?

Decreased movement efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What does excessive arching of the lumbar spine indicate?

Poor control of back mechanics Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles is primarily involved in stabilizing the movement despite weakness?

Core and hamstrings Signup and view all the answers

What can result from weakness in the back of the knee and calves?

Inability to control the lowering phase of movement Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome of poor mechanics in the back?

Excessive forward rounding of the back Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group does NOT typically help with the lowering phase of movement?

Calves Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of weakness in the core during movement?

Inability to stabilize the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

The hamstrings play a crucial role in which phase of movement?

Lowering phase Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could be implicated by weak hamstrings and poor mechanics?

Poor coordination of back extensors Signup and view all the answers

What muscle coupling relationship is associated with anterior pelvic tilt due to tight hip flexors?

Tight hip flexors and erector spinae Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are generally suspected to be lengthened during posterior pelvic tilt?

Hamstrings and rectus abdominis Signup and view all the answers

How many degrees of motion are attributed to the scapulothoracic region during shoulder movements?

60 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of foot pronation on pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis?

It results in anterior pelvic tilt and increased lumbar lordosis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the ASIS during anterior pelvic tilt?

ASIS tilts downward and forward Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle habit is commonly associated with tight hip flexors leading to anterior pelvic tilt?

Sedentary lifestyle with prolonged sitting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the shoulder girdle during combined movements at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints?

Combination of glenohumeral joint and scapular movement Signup and view all the answers

What commonly leads to compensations in shoulder movement?

The complex design of the shoulder girdle Signup and view all the answers

What substance is formed during glycolysis that contributes to muscle fatigue?

Lactate Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic processes are involved in the oxidative system?

Krebs cycle and electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

How does the oxidative system compare to the glycolytic system in terms of ATP production speed?

It produces ATP more slowly than the glycolytic system. Signup and view all the answers

During which type of exercise would the glycolytic system be primarily utilized?

Sprinting for 100 meters Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood sugar during exercise when intense activity occurs?

Blood sugar is broken down to produce ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate zone for warm-up or recovery training?

Zone 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the duration of activities for the oxidative system?

It is ideal for longer duration activities like marathons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average resting heart rate (RHR) of an adult human?

60-80 BPM Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Movement Mechanics and Joint Relationships

Sagittal plane analysis reveals issues like inability to keep heels down, indicating plantar flexor weakness.
Hip and knee initiation often points to quadriceps and hip flexor dominance, potentially indicating gluteus group activation insufficiency.
Tibia and torso relationship can show poor mechanics due to tight dorsiflexors leading to an inability to parallel the tibia and torso.
Lumbar and thoracic spine issues may be characterized by excessive arching or rounding, which can involve core and hip muscles.

Pelvic Tilting

Anterior pelvic tilt is common in sedentary individuals with tight hip flexors, leading to tight erector spinae as part of Lower-Cross Syndrome.
Posterior pelvic tilt is associated with tight rectus abdominis and hamstrings, indicating muscle imbalances.
Foot pronation and internal femoral rotation may contribute to anterior pelvic tilt, enhancing lumbar lordosis.

Shoulder and Thoracic Spine

Shoulder movement limitations arise from complex girdle design, requiring collaboration between glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic movements.
Tight upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboids manifest as shoulder height differences or postural asymmetries.
Scapular protraction and winging indicate compromised scapula stabilizers like rhomboids and serratus anterior.
A forward head position often results from tight cervical extensors and upper trapezius, misaligning the earlobe from the acromion.

Energy Systems

Glycolytic system relies on rapid carbohydrate breakdown for ATP production, effective for high-intensity efforts lasting 1-2 minutes.
Lactate and hydrogen ions accumulation from glycolysis contribute to muscle fatigue and burning sensation.
Oxidative system utilizes oxygen, carbs, fats, and proteins for longer-duration energy output but works slower than glycolytic and phosphagen systems.
It is crucial for sustained efforts like marathon running.

Heart Rate Zones

Resting heart rate averages between 60-80 beats per minute (BPM) and increases with exercise to meet muscle oxygen and nutrient demands.
Five distinct heart rate zones correspond to different exercise responses and benefits, starting from low-intensity warm-up/recovery in Zone 1.
Training in different zones enhances cardiovascular fitness and overall exercise performance.

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Description

Test your knowledge on physical therapy assessments related to joint movements and foot positioning. This quiz focuses on identifying issues during specific physical evaluations, such as maintaining heel contact. Perfect for students in health science or physical therapy courses.