Physical Therapists and Exercise as Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of children and adolescents in the US were estimated to be obese between 2017 and 2020?

14.7%

19.7% (correct)

22.2%

12.7%

Which age group exhibits the highest prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents?

Children aged 6-11 years

Children aged 2-5 years

All age groups show equal prevalence

Adolescents aged 12-19 years (correct)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential chronic health problem associated with obesity in children?

Heart disease

Type 1 diabetes (correct)

High blood pressure

Asthma

According to the provided data, what is the estimated percentage contribution of diet to overall health status?

20% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of the nation's total health care bill is allocated to promoting healthy behaviors?

4% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT cited as a reason for the limited financial investment in lifestyle interventions within healthcare?

Immediate and substantial financial returns are guaranteed (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a meta-analysis comparing exercise and drug therapy, for which condition was exercise found to be MORE effective than drug therapies?

Rehabilitation after stroke (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the conclusion of the meta-analysis, what is suggested regarding the role of exercise interventions in healthcare?

Exercise interventions should be considered as an alternative to or alongside drug therapy. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Exercise is Medicine (EIM) Credential offered by ACSM?

To recognize and educate professionals in safely managing exercise for individuals with chronic conditions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics is a module within the 15-hour EIM Online Course?

Techniques for promoting long-term adherence to physical activity in patients. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Besides individual participation, what is another way to engage with the Exercise is Medicine initiative at an organizational level?

By forming a leadership team to register their campus as an EIM On Campus program. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended audience for the Exercise is Medicine 15-hour interactive online course?

Open to anyone interested in exercise and health, regardless of professional background. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Physical Activity Alliance' mentioned in the context of Exercise is Medicine?

To build the infrastructure for integrating physical activity into healthcare communication standards. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym PAVS stand for?

Physical Activity Vital Sign (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to studies at Kaiser Permanente, implementing PAVS resulted in all of the following EXCEPT:

A significant increase in patient weight loss in all patients (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an Active Transportation activity?

Raking leaves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does EIM stand for in the context of the provided text?

Exercise is Medicine (B) Signup and view all the answers

The EIM Prescription Form focuses on providing patients with:

Physical Activity guidelines and individualized recommendations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a "Place" resource for physical activity as described in the text?

A local YMCA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of EIM regarding community partnerships?

To connect patients with qualified and accessible physical activity resources (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do health systems and population health programs incentivize lifestyle interventions like increased physical activity?

By offering financial incentives (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Exercise is Medicine initiative?

Integrating physical activity assessment and promotion into routine clinical care. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the American Physical Therapy Association's (APTA) vision for physical therapists?

To optimize movement to enhance the human experience. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which professional role of physical therapists is highlighted in relation to public health?

Promoting wellness and preventing health conditions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many of the top 10 leading causes of death in the US in 2021 were linked to physical inactivity?

Five (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key recommendation of the Exercise is Medicine initiative for patient care?

No patient should leave a clinic without a physical activity assessment. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of communities in the Exercise is Medicine initiative?

To provide accessible physical activity interventions and spaces. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of the Exercise is Medicine vision?

To connect healthcare with physical activity resources for people of all abilities. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'PA' represent in the context of the provided information?

Physical Activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report, what is the recommended weekly duration of moderate-intensity physical activity for individuals with cardiovascular disease risk factors?

150-300 minutes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which chronic health conditions can regular physical activity help reduce the risk of or slow the progression of?

Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke (B) Signup and view all the answers

Besides cardiovascular health, what other benefits can regular physical activity provide?

Reduced risk of certain cancers, improved sleep quality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does regular physical activity have on sleep?

Reduces time to fall asleep, reduces awake time during the night (D) Signup and view all the answers

Even without weight loss, how can regular physical activity benefit individuals at risk for chronic health conditions?

It reduces their risk of CHD and diabetes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What impact does physical activity have on older adults?

Reduces risk of falls and related injuries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What mental health benefits are associated with regular physical activity?

Reduced risk of depression and anxiety (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the grade assigned to the Affordable Care Act's requirement for commercial health insurance plans to cover preventive services related to cardiovascular disease risk factors?

Grade B (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Therapists = Exercise Specialists

Physical therapists are experts in optimizing movement to improve human experience.
They play a unique role in prevention, wellness, fitness, health promotion, and managing disease/disability.
Their professional roles include helping individuals/populations improve health, prevent health conditions, promote wellness/fitness/health, manage disease/disability, and advocate for better health outcomes.

Exercise is Medicine

Exercise is Medicine® was co-launched by the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Medical Association in 2007
The vision is to make physical activity assessment & promotion a standard in clinical care.
It connects healthcare with evidence-based physical activity resources for all abilities.
Exercise and physical activity assessment & prescription is now a standard of care.

Partnership Between Healthcare Systems & Communities

No patient leaves the clinic without an assessment of their physical activity (PA) level, and brief advice/PA prescription/referral to qualified professionals.
Communities should provide accessible PA interventions, safe, inviting spaces for activities and active transport.

US 2021: Leading Causes of Death

Top 10 leading causes of death in 2021 were heart disease, cancer, COVID-19, unintentional injuries, stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease, Alzheimer's, diabetes, chronic liver disease/cirrhosis, and nephritis.
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor (RED = Physical INACTIVITY-related diseases)

Childhood Obesity

Prevalence of obesity in children/adolescents in the US was 19.7% between 2017 and 2020, which is approximately 14.7 million children.
Obesity rates vary by age, with the highest among adolescents (12-19) at 22.2%.
Obesity increases the risk of chronic health problems: heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, and asthma.
Lack of activity and an unhealthy diet are major factors for childhood obesity.

Nearly half of Americans will have obesity by 2030

The projected obesity rates in the US for 1990-2030 show a significant increase, particularly approaching 50-59% by 2030 in numerous states.

Contributors to Overall Health Status

The major contributors to overall health status include exercise, smoking, diet, genetics, environment, access to medical care, and health behaviors.
The percentage breakdown is 20% for exercise, smoking, and diet each, with 10% for genetics.

What Makes Us Healthy

Only 4% of the nation's health care budget is spent on promoting healthy behaviors.
The financial return on lifestyle interventions is long-term (3-10 years).
Evidence for healthcare-based lifestyle interventions is limited.

Comparison of effectiveness of Exercise vs. Drug Therapy

Meta-analysis of 16 studies showed no difference in mortality benefits for exercise and drug therapies in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, rehabilitation after stroke, treatment of heart failure, and prevention of diabetes.
For stroke rehabilitation, exercise interventions were more effective than drug therapies.

Their Conclusion

Exercise interventions should be considered as a viable alternative or alongside drug therapy.
Physical activity should become the prescribed “pill” of the future.

Recommendation for patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors

The USPSTF recommends offering or referring adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors to behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity.
Commercial health insurance plans must cover these preventive services.

What Are We Aiming For?

The emphasis is to achieve target health goals.

Physical activity (150-300 mins/week at moderate intensity)

Reduces risk of new/existing chronic conditions (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis)
Reduces risk of 7 types of cancer, lowers cancer mortality.
Lowers dementia and anxiety, improves weight maintenance
Reduces fall-related injuries in older adults.

Regular physical activity

Improves sleep quality (reducing time to sleep, reducing awake time, increasing deep sleep, and reducing daytime sleepiness)
Improves quality of life and physical function.
Active individuals sleep better, feel better, and function better.

How do we integrate physical activity into health care?

Using Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) guidelines
Implementation of Physical Activity Vital Signs (PAVS) is a routine part of health history

Benefits of the Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS)

Physicians were more likely to document exercise in progress notes.
Documentation of PA habits increased by 12%.
Patients reported discussing exercise with their PCP 14% more frequently.
Exercise referrals to patients increased by 14%.

Physical Activity Spectrum

Activities of daily living, active transportation, lifestyle activities, and exercise (planned) are part of the physical activity spectrum.

The EIM Prescription Form

Includes guidelines for aerobic and muscle strength training, as well as tracking these activities.
A structured form for prescribing and tracking physical activity.

Developing Effective Partnerships

Programs like Silver Sneakers, aquatic exercises, and other structured activities, as well as places like medical fitness centers, YMCAs, parks, etc., can increase access to resources.
Coaching and self-directed activities such as apps, digital trackers, and professional guidance can be used to support the patient on their journey.

EIM Goal

To build formal community partnerships.
To create accessible and trustworthy physical activity resources.
Health systems and population health programs should offer financial incentives for implementing lifestyle interventions.
Collect data on participation and outcomes.

Policy Efforts

Physical Activity Alliance works on creating activity integration into health care coding and communication standards.
ACSM Task Force creates a pathway for clinical exercise physiologists to gain professional qualifications (QHP) for reimbursement.

Exercise is Medicine® Course & Credential

A 15-hour interactive online course for earning the EIM credential.
ACSM's EIM Credential educates exercise professionals to safely and effectively work with patients/clients having common chronic medical conditions.

EIM Online Course

Modules cover working with the healthcare team, guiding patients with chronic disease/older adults, promoting physical activity, and facilitating group medical fitness interventions.

How can YOU get involved?

Sign up for the EIM e-newsletter.
Take the EIM online course (and apply for credential).
Become a champion within your healthcare system.
Form a leadership team.

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Description

Explore the essential roles of physical therapists as exercise specialists in promoting wellness, managing diseases, and enhancing health outcomes. This quiz delves into the partnership between healthcare systems and communities, emphasizing the importance of physical activity in clinical care.