Physical Science Midterm Exam - Big Bang Theory

Multiple Choice Questions - Physical Science Midterm Exam

• Question 1: The Big Bang Theory explains the formation of elements in the universe.
• Question 2: Evidence for the Big Bang Theory includes the uniformity of hydrogen and helium, the cosmic background radiation, and Hubble expansion.
• Question 3: Nucleosynthesis is the process that produces light elements like Helium.
• Question 4: The Big Bang Theory is the most accepted model for universe formation because it's the simplest explanation supported by evidence.
• Question 5: Evidence for the expanding universe includes the shifting wavelengths of light from distant galaxies and leftover cosmic energy.
• Question 6: Initial moments after the Big Bang are similar to current universe expansion in terms of the universe began expanding and continues to expand.
• Question 7: Stellar nucleosynthesis is the process of element formation within stars.
• Question 8: Hydrogen is the lightest element and initiates nuclear fusion in stars.
• Question 9: Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• Question 10: Elements heavier than iron form during stellar explosions.
• Question 11: Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.
• Question 12: Democritus and Leucippus proposed the concept of the atom.
• Question 13: Aristotle proposed four elements: air, fire, water, and earth.
• Question 14: Aristotle's notion of elements did not include the sun as an element.
• Question 15: Alchemy is a pseudo-science that influenced modern chemistry.
• Question 16-20: Questions ask for the number of protons in specific chemical elements (Manganese, Potassium, Arsenic, Calcium, and Cobalt).
• Question 21: Protons determine an atom's identity.
• Question 22: In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
• Question 23: Dalton's atomic theory states elements are made of atoms, compounds are composed of different atoms, and atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
• Question 24: Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Question 25: The electron cloud is the region outside the nucleus where electrons are likely located.
• Question 26: Nucleons refer to protons and neutrons.
• Question 27: Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles.
• Question 28: A chemical element cannot be broken down into simpler components.
• Question 29: The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus.
• Question 30: The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons.
• Question 31: Protons, electrons, and neutrons have specific roles and properties within atoms.
• Question 32: A non-polar substance is the solvent if it dissolves a nonpolar substance.
• Question 33: Examples of non-polar molecules include O3, N2, and CIBr3.
• Question 34: Common structures of non-polar molecules include linear and other shapes mentioned in the text.
• Question 35: Polar molecules generally have higher boiling points compared to their non-polar counterparts.
• Question 36: Water (H2O) is a polar molecule.
• Question 37: Dipole moment describes the polarity of a bond in a molecule.
• Question 38: Miscibility refers to the ability of a liquid to mix with another liquid.
• Question 39: Intermolecular forces decrease properties like viscosity, which are related to forces between molecules.
• Question 40: Phase transitions like liquid-to-gas or solid-to-gas reduce intermolecular forces.

Further Questions/Information (Page 2-4)

• Boiling Points of Molecules: Polar molecules generally have higher boiling points than nonpolar molecules due to stronger intermolecular forces.
• Lewis Dot Structures: Visual representations of electron arrangements in atoms and molecules.
• Molecular Shapes and Polarity: Exploring the shapes and polarity of different molecules based on Lewis dot structures.
• Atomic Properties: The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's structure (e.g., Manganese, Potassium, Arsenic, Calcium, Cobalt).
• VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion): Important theory for predicting molecular shapes.