Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an atom?
What is an atom?
What is an Atomic Mass Unit?
What is an Atomic Mass Unit?
Unit of mass that is exactly one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Define Atomic Number.
Define Atomic Number.
The number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element
What is the Atomic Radius?
What is the Atomic Radius?
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What is Average Atomic Mass?
What is Average Atomic Mass?
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What is Avogadro's Number?
What is Avogadro's Number?
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What does Binary refer to in chemistry?
What does Binary refer to in chemistry?
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What is Bond Energy?
What is Bond Energy?
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Define Bond Length.
Define Bond Length.
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What is a Chemical Equation?
What is a Chemical Equation?
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What does a Chemical Formula indicate?
What does a Chemical Formula indicate?
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What is a Coefficient in chemistry?
What is a Coefficient in chemistry?
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Define Combustion.
Define Combustion.
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What is Composition Stoichiometry?
What is Composition Stoichiometry?
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What is a Covalent Bond?
What is a Covalent Bond?
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Define Decomposition.
Define Decomposition.
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What does Density measure?
What does Density measure?
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Define Dipole.
Define Dipole.
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What is a Double Replacement reaction?
What is a Double Replacement reaction?
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What is Formula Mass?
What is Formula Mass?
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Define Formula Unit.
Define Formula Unit.
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What is Ionic Bonding?
What is Ionic Bonding?
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Define Ionic Compound.
Define Ionic Compound.
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What is an Isotope?
What is an Isotope?
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What is Lattice Energy?
What is Lattice Energy?
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State the Law of Conservation of Mass.
State the Law of Conservation of Mass.
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What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
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What are Lewis Structures?
What are Lewis Structures?
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Define Mass.
Define Mass.
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What is Mass Number?
What is Mass Number?
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Define Molar Mass.
Define Molar Mass.
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What is a Mole?
What is a Mole?
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What is a Molecular Compound?
What is a Molecular Compound?
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Define Molecule.
Define Molecule.
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What is a Monoatomic Ion?
What is a Monoatomic Ion?
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What is Nuclear Force?
What is Nuclear Force?
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Define Nonpolar Covalent Bond.
Define Nonpolar Covalent Bond.
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What is the Octet Rule?
What is the Octet Rule?
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What is a Periodic Table?
What is a Periodic Table?
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Define Polar Covalent Bond.
Define Polar Covalent Bond.
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What are Polyatomic Ions?
What are Polyatomic Ions?
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Define Quantity.
Define Quantity.
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What is a Resonance Structure?
What is a Resonance Structure?
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What is Salt?
What is Salt?
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What are Valence Electrons?
What are Valence Electrons?
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What does VSEPR Theory explain?
What does VSEPR Theory explain?
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Study Notes
Atom and Structure
- Atoms are the smallest units of elements, preserving the element's properties.
- Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
- Atomic Number indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, determining elemental identity.
- Atomic Radius is measured as half the distance between the nuclei of identical bonded atoms.
- Average Atomic Mass reflects the weighted average of an element's isotopes' atomic masses.
Mole Concepts
- Avogadro's Number signifies the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
- A Mole is defined as the amount of substance containing as many particles as 12 g of carbon-12.
- Molar Mass is the mass of one mole of a pure substance.
Chemical Bonding
- A Binary compound consists of two distinct elements.
- Bond Energy denotes the energy required to break chemical bonds and yield neutral atoms.
- Bond Length indicates the distance between two bonded atoms at minimum potential energy.
- Covalent Bonds involve sharing an electron pair between two atoms; nonpolar and polar distinguish the equality of electron sharing.
- Ionic Bonding results from electrostatic attraction between cations and anions.
Reaction Types
- Combustion involves a substance reacting with oxygen, producing heat and light.
- Decomposition reactions yield two or more simpler substances from a single compound.
- Double Replacement reactions occur when ions in two compounds swap places.
- Composition Stoichiometry focuses on mass relationships of elements in compounds and how to calculate them.
Formulas and Equations
- Chemical Equations represent reactants and products in a reaction using formulas.
- Chemical Formulas convey the relative number of different types of atoms in a compound using atomic symbols and subscripts.
- Coefficients in chemical equations indicate the number of molecules or moles of a substance involved.
Isotopes and Mass
- Isotopes are variations of the same element that differ in mass due to differing numbers of neutrons.
- Mass refers to the measure of matter in an object, while Mass Number is the total count of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Energy and Stability
- Lattice Energy is the energy released when forming one mole of ionic crystal from gaseous ions.
- The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is conserved in chemical and physical reactions.
- The Law of Conservation of Energy dictates that energy cannot be created or destroyed in reactions.
Advanced Concepts
- Lewis Structures represent atom nuclei, bonded electron pairs, and unshared electrons.
- VSEPR Theory explains molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion.
- Resonance Structures depict bonding that cannot be fully represented by a single Lewis structure.
Additional Definitions
- Density is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume.
- Polyatomic Ions are charged groups of covalently bonded atoms.
- Valence Electrons play a key role in chemical bonding, affecting how atoms can interact in forming compounds.
- The Octet Rule suggests that atoms tend to seek a full outer shell of electrons for stability.
Periodicity
- The Periodic Table organizes elements by increasing atomic number, showcasing periodic trends in element properties.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential physical science terms from L to J with these flashcards. Each term includes a clear definition to help you understand fundamental concepts in the subject. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning in physical science.