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Physical Science Chapter 2 Motion Flashcards
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Physical Science Chapter 2 Motion Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for when an object changes position over time when compared with a reference point?

  • Motion (correct)
  • Displacement
  • Reference Point
  • Distance

    • What is a reference point?

    An object that appears to remain in place.

    What is a frame of reference?

    Coordinate system in which the position is measured.

    In what SI unit(s) are distances measured?

    <p>Meter, centimeter, kilometer, decameter, decimeter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far an object has moved is known as what?

    <p>Distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is displacement?

    <p>Distance and direction an object's change in position is from the starting point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give two examples of reference points.

    <p>Building, tree, home, mountain, beach, the border.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is speed?

    <p>Distance an object travels per unit of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two items are needed to find the speed of an object?

    <p>Distance and time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for speed?

    <p>Meters per second (m/s).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you find average speed?

    <p>Total distance divided by total time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is speed considered an average rate?

    <p>Travel is not constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is instantaneous speed?

    <p>Speed given at a specific point in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you find instantaneous speed?

    <p>Look at a speedometer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On a distance-time graph, what is the independent variable?

    <p>Time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On a distance-time graph, what is the dependent variable?

    <p>Distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is on the x-axis of a distance-time graph?

    <p>Time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is on the y-axis of a distance-time graph?

    <p>Distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an object moves at constant speed, what would a distance-time graph look like?

    <p>A straight line increasing upward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the slope on a distance-time graph tell you?

    <p>Speed of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a horizontal line represent on a distance-time graph?

    <p>The object is at rest / not moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a vertical line represent on a distance-time graph?

    <p>Can NOT exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is velocity?

    <p>The speed of an object in a particular direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is velocity different from speed?

    <p>Velocity has direction AND speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is velocity considered constant?

    <p>When an object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of constant velocity.

    <p>Riding a bike at a constant speed without changing direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do we know the Earth's crust moves?

    <p>We use satellites and frame of references.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acceleration?

    <p>The rate of change of velocity as time changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of acceleration.

    <p>A car stopping or speeding up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for acceleration?

    <p>m/s/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positive acceleration?

    <p>Acceleration in which the velocity increases from start to end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is negative acceleration?

    <p>Acceleration in which the velocity decreases from start to end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two requirements for velocity?

    <p>Speed AND direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate acceleration?

    <p>A = (vf - vi) / t.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of something with positive acceleration.

    <p>Bike coasting down a hill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a change in direction do to acceleration?

    <p>Causes an acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is acceleration occurring when coasting on a roller coaster ride?

    <p>Yes, change in direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is acceleration occurring while driving 15 m/h east?

    <p>No, no change in direction or speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is acceleration occurring while walking around a football field?

    <p>Yes, change in direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is net force?

    <p>The sum of ALL the forces acting on an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give two examples of forces.

    <p>Stepping on the floor, sitting on a chair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In SI, what is force measured in?

    <p>Newtons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a force?

    <p>Any push or pull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a force is applied to an object, does it move?

    <p>Not unless the force is unbalanced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a balanced force is applied to an object?

    <p>No change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an unbalanced force is applied to an object?

    <p>The object accelerates if in motion or begins to move if at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate net force?

    <p>Add forces in the same direction or subtract in opposite directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inertia?

    <p>The tendency of an object to resist ANY change in motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are mass and inertia related?

    <p>As mass increases, there is more inertia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who summarized the different ideas about motion?

    <p>Sir Isaac Newton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Summarize Newton's first law of motion.

    <p>An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for Newton's first law of motion?

    <p>Law of inertia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of Newton's first law of motion.

    <p>Jerk forward when brakes are applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the speed if an object moves 25 meters in 19 seconds.

    <p>1.3 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the distance if the speed is 15 m/s and the object moved for 25 seconds.

    <p>375 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the acceleration if a car has a start velocity of 10 m/s and it accelerates to 60 m/s in 5 seconds.

    <p>10 m/s/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Motion Concepts

    • Motion refers to the change in position of an object over time relative to a reference point.
    • A reference point is an object that remains stationary, used for comparison.
    • A frame of reference is a coordinate system utilized to measure an object's position.

    Measurements and Units

    • Distances are measured in various SI units including meters, centimeters, kilometers, decameters, and decimeters.
    • Distance describes how far an object has traveled, while displacement includes both distance and direction from the starting point.

    Understanding Speed

    • Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time, requiring both distance and time for calculation.
    • SI unit for speed is meters per second (m/s).
    • Average speed is calculated by dividing total distance by total time, whereas instantaneous speed is the speed at a specific moment, often read from a speedometer.
    • Constant speed is depicted as a straight line on a distance-time graph, while the slope indicates the speed of the object.

    Velocity in Motion

    • Velocity integrates both speed and direction, differing from speed which does not include direction.
    • Constant velocity occurs when an object moves in a straight line at a uniform speed.

    Acceleration Dynamics

    • Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity and is quantified in m/s².
    • Positive acceleration occurs when an object speeds up, while negative acceleration (deceleration) occurs when it slows down.
    • Acceleration can also result from a change in direction, maintaining velocity.

    Forces in Motion

    • Net force is the sum of all forces acting on an object, measured in newtons.
    • Forces can be balanced (resulting in no motion change) or unbalanced (causing acceleration).
    • Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, directly related to mass: more mass means more inertia.

    Newton's Laws of Motion

    • Sir Isaac Newton summarized the concepts of motion in three laws:
      • First law (law of inertia): An object remains in its current state unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
      • Example of first law: A passenger jerks forward when a car suddenly brakes.

    Practical Applications

    • To calculate speed, divide the distance traveled by the time taken.
    • To determine distance when speed is known, multiply speed by time.
    • To calculate acceleration, use the formula: A = (vf - vi) / t, where vf is final velocity, vi is initial velocity, and t is time.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 2 of Physical Science. This quiz focuses on essential terms related to motion, reference points, and measurement units in the metric system. Challenge yourself with these flashcards to reinforce your knowledge.

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