Questions and Answers
What is the term for when an object changes position over time when compared with a reference point?
What is a reference point?
An object that appears to remain in place.
What is a frame of reference?
Coordinate system in which the position is measured.
In what SI unit(s) are distances measured?
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How far an object has moved is known as what?
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What is displacement?
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Give two examples of reference points.
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What is speed?
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What two items are needed to find the speed of an object?
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What is the SI unit for speed?
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How do you find average speed?
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Why is speed considered an average rate?
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What is instantaneous speed?
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How do you find instantaneous speed?
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On a distance-time graph, what is the independent variable?
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On a distance-time graph, what is the dependent variable?
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What is on the x-axis of a distance-time graph?
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What is on the y-axis of a distance-time graph?
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If an object moves at constant speed, what would a distance-time graph look like?
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What does the slope on a distance-time graph tell you?
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What does a horizontal line represent on a distance-time graph?
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What does a vertical line represent on a distance-time graph?
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What is velocity?
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How is velocity different from speed?
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When is velocity considered constant?
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Give an example of constant velocity.
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How do we know the Earth's crust moves?
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What is acceleration?
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Give an example of acceleration.
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What is the SI unit for acceleration?
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What is positive acceleration?
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What is negative acceleration?
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What are the two requirements for velocity?
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How do you calculate acceleration?
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Give an example of something with positive acceleration.
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What does a change in direction do to acceleration?
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Is acceleration occurring when coasting on a roller coaster ride?
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Is acceleration occurring while driving 15 m/h east?
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Is acceleration occurring while walking around a football field?
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What is net force?
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Give two examples of forces.
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In SI, what is force measured in?
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What is a force?
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When a force is applied to an object, does it move?
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What happens when a balanced force is applied to an object?
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What happens when an unbalanced force is applied to an object?
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How do you calculate net force?
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What is inertia?
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How are mass and inertia related?
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Who summarized the different ideas about motion?
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Summarize Newton's first law of motion.
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What is another name for Newton's first law of motion?
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Give an example of Newton's first law of motion.
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Determine the speed if an object moves 25 meters in 19 seconds.
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Determine the distance if the speed is 15 m/s and the object moved for 25 seconds.
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Determine the acceleration if a car has a start velocity of 10 m/s and it accelerates to 60 m/s in 5 seconds.
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Study Notes
Motion Concepts
- Motion refers to the change in position of an object over time relative to a reference point.
- A reference point is an object that remains stationary, used for comparison.
- A frame of reference is a coordinate system utilized to measure an object's position.
Measurements and Units
- Distances are measured in various SI units including meters, centimeters, kilometers, decameters, and decimeters.
- Distance describes how far an object has traveled, while displacement includes both distance and direction from the starting point.
Understanding Speed
- Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time, requiring both distance and time for calculation.
- SI unit for speed is meters per second (m/s).
- Average speed is calculated by dividing total distance by total time, whereas instantaneous speed is the speed at a specific moment, often read from a speedometer.
- Constant speed is depicted as a straight line on a distance-time graph, while the slope indicates the speed of the object.
Velocity in Motion
- Velocity integrates both speed and direction, differing from speed which does not include direction.
- Constant velocity occurs when an object moves in a straight line at a uniform speed.
Acceleration Dynamics
- Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity and is quantified in m/s².
- Positive acceleration occurs when an object speeds up, while negative acceleration (deceleration) occurs when it slows down.
- Acceleration can also result from a change in direction, maintaining velocity.
Forces in Motion
- Net force is the sum of all forces acting on an object, measured in newtons.
- Forces can be balanced (resulting in no motion change) or unbalanced (causing acceleration).
- Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, directly related to mass: more mass means more inertia.
Newton's Laws of Motion
- Sir Isaac Newton summarized the concepts of motion in three laws:
- First law (law of inertia): An object remains in its current state unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
- Example of first law: A passenger jerks forward when a car suddenly brakes.
Practical Applications
- To calculate speed, divide the distance traveled by the time taken.
- To determine distance when speed is known, multiply speed by time.
- To calculate acceleration, use the formula: A = (vf - vi) / t, where vf is final velocity, vi is initial velocity, and t is time.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 2 of Physical Science. This quiz focuses on essential terms related to motion, reference points, and measurement units in the metric system. Challenge yourself with these flashcards to reinforce your knowledge.