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Physical Science Chapter 15
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Physical Science Chapter 15

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@JubilantUvarovite

Questions and Answers

What is the energy of a moving object?

Kinetic energy

If the speed of an object doubles, how does its kinetic energy change?

  • It remains the same
  • It halves
  • It doubles
  • It quadruples (correct)

    • Give an example of an object that has elastic potential energy.

    A stretched spring

    Provide an example of electromagnetic energy.

    <p>A falling oyster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms called?

    <p>Chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mechanical energy?

    <p>The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of the conversion of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy.

    <p>A falling raindrop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the law of conservation of energy state?

    <p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What energy resource accounts for most of the world's present energy use?

    <p>Fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most renewable energy originate from?

    <p>The sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is energy?

    <p>The ability to do work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

    <p>Kinetic energy is moving; potential energy is stored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the potential energy of an object change when its height is tripled?

    <p>It triples too</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atoms of an object if its thermal energy is increased?

    <p>They move faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the energy conversions that occur as a basketball falls, hits the ground, and bounces back up.

    <p>Potential to kinetic to friction/sound/elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is mechanical energy always conserved? Explain why or why not.

    <p>Mechanical energy is never conserved because friction is always there</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are coal, oil, and natural gas considered to be non-renewable energy resources?

    <p>They take too long to renew</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of geothermal energy?

    <p>From earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is work?

    <p>Is energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are work and energy related?

    <p>You can have energy and not have work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four types of energy?

    <p>Kinetic, potential, gravitational potential, elastic potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kinetic energy?

    <p>Energy of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of kinetic energy.

    <p>Falling leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for kinetic energy?

    <p>1/2MV^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes potential energy and gravitational potential energy?

    <p>Energy that is stored as a result of position or shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of potential and gravitational potential energy.

    <p>Apple on the tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for potential energy?

    <p>PE = MGH, mass(gravity)(height)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration due to gravity?

    <p>9.8 m/s^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is energy measured in?

    <p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is elastic potential energy?

    <p>The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of elastic potential energy.

    <p>Rubber band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six forms of energy?

    <p>Mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, and nuclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mechanical energy?

    <p>Energy associated with motion and position of everyday objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of mechanical energy.

    <p>Moving train</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thermal energy?

    <p>The amount of movement in the particles of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to atoms when they are cold and hot?

    <p>Cold = Slower; Hot = Faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of thermal energy.

    <p>Fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chemical energy?

    <p>Energy stored in chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens every time a chemical bond is broken?

    <p>Energy is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of chemical energy.

    <p>Fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electrical energy?

    <p>Energy associated with electric charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of electrical energy.

    <p>Lightning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electromagnetic energy?

    <p>A form of energy that travels through space in forms of waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of electromagnetic energy.

    <p>X-Ray, Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nuclear energy?

    <p>Energy that is located in an atom's nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide examples of nuclear energy.

    <p>Fission and fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the law of conservation state?

    <p>Energy can't be created or destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Albert Einstein's equation for energy?

    <p>Energy = mass(speed of light)^2 or E=MV^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are energy conversions?

    <p>Potential energy changes to kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of energy conversion.

    <p>Apple in a tree, Flashlight, Stereo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the energy conversion involving an apple in a tree.

    <p>Potential &gt; kinetic &gt; friction &gt; bouncing &gt; sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the energy conversion involving a flashlight.

    <p>Chemical &gt; electric &gt; electromagnetic &gt; thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the energy conversion involving a stereo.

    <p>Electric &gt; mechanical &gt; sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are non-renewable resources?

    <p>Limited quantities of energy that can't be replaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide examples of non-renewable resources.

    <p>Fossil Fuels = Natural Gas, Petroleum, Coal; Nuclear Fuels = Uranium, Plutonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are renewable resources?

    <p>Energy that can be replaced in a short period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide examples of renewable resources.

    <p>Hydroelectric, solar, wind, geothermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hydroelectric energy?

    <p>Use water moving to make electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does solar energy work?

    <p>Use solar power to make electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does wind energy work?

    <p>Uses turbines to move when wind blows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is geothermal energy?

    <p>Uses heat beneath Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Concepts

    • Kinetic energy refers to the energy of a moving object.
    • If an object's speed doubles, its kinetic energy quadruples (increases by a factor of four).
    • Potential energy is stored energy, as seen in examples like a stretched spring or an apple on a tree.

    Types of Energy

    • Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy.
    • Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms, releasing energy when these bonds break.
    • Thermal energy relates to the temperature and movement of particles in an object, with colder particles moving slower than hot ones.
    • Electrical energy is associated with electric charges, exemplified by lightning.
    • Electromagnetic energy travels through space in wave forms, such as X-rays and sunlight.
    • Nuclear energy is contained in or released from an atom's nucleus, involving processes like fission (splitting atoms) and fusion (combining atoms).

    Energy Formulas

    • Kinetic energy is calculated using the formula: ( \text{KE} = \frac{1}{2} mv^2 ).
    • Gravitational potential energy is calculated using: ( \text{PE} = mgh ) (where ( m ) = mass, ( g ) = gravity, ( h ) = height).
    • Gravity is measured as approximately ( 9.8 , \text{m/s}^2 ).

    Laws of Energy

    • The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
    • Mechanical energy is generally not conserved due to the presence of friction.

    Energy Sources

    • The majority of the world's current energy use comes from fossil fuels.
    • Renewable energy sources, which can be replenished quickly, include solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy.

    Energy Conversions

    • Energy conversions occur in various forms; for instance, as a basketball falls, it converts potential energy to kinetic energy, and when it hits the ground, some energy transforms into sound and heat.
    • Different devices exemplify energy conversion processes:
      • A flashlight converts chemical energy from batteries to electrical, then to electromagnetic and thermal energy.
      • A stereo converts electrical energy to mechanical and sound energy.

    Non-Renewable vs Renewable Resources

    • Non-renewable resources (e.g., fossil fuels, uranium) are finite and cannot be replaced quickly.
    • Renewable resources are naturally replenished in a short period, providing sustainable energy options.

    Miscellaneous

    • Energy is measured in joules.
    • Albert Einstein's equation relating mass and energy states that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared ( (E=mc^2) ).

    Studying That Suits You

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of energy in Physical Science Chapter 15. This quiz covers definitions related to kinetic energy, potential energy, and various forms of energy. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding and prepare for assessments.

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