Physical Quantities and SI Units
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly defines a physical quantity?

  • A value that describes a quality without measurement.
  • A measurable amount expressed with both numerical magnitude and a unit. (correct)
  • An observable characteristic that cannot be quantified.
  • A vague description based on personal interpretation.

    • What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative observations in physics?

  • Quantitative observations can be subjective.
  • Quantitative observations are precise measurements, while qualitative observations are descriptive and imprecise. (correct)
  • Qualitative observations are always more accurate.
  • Qualitative observations can be measured using instruments.

    • Which of the following best illustrates a quantitative observation?

  • The tree looks tall.
  • The weight of a rock is 5 kilograms. (correct)
  • The temperature feels warm.
  • The sky is blue.

    • Which learning outcome is NOT mentioned in the outline?

    <p>Identify different types of measurements in physics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are qualitative observations considered to be usually imprecise?

    <p>They are based on sensory perception that can vary from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following quantities is classified as a base quantity?

    <p>Length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the derived unit for pressure?

    <p>Pascal (Pa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the unit of speed defined?

    <p>Distance ÷ Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific notation for 500,000,000?

    <p>5.0 x 10^8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a base quantity?

    <p>Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a derived quantity?

    <p>Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unit 'm³' represents which derived quantity?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion of 8 µm into meters?

    <p>0.000008 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations correctly defines work?

    <p>Work = Force × Displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix for the factor of $10^{-6}$?

    <p>micro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for luminous intensity?

    <p>Candela (cd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Random errors in measurements are most likely caused by which of the following?

    <p>Human estimation of readings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which derived quantity measures the amount of energy transferred per unit time?

    <p>Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit of mass?

    <p>Kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a vehicle is classified as exceeding 1500 kg in unladen weight, how would this classification relate to base and derived quantities?

    <p>It's a base quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the number 0.00000000045 be expressed in scientific notation?

    <p>4.5 x 10^-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix represents a factor of $10^{-9}$?

    <p>nano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the derived unit 'kg m⁻³' represent?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rod at the end of a measuring instrument with internal jaws?

    <p>To measure the depth of containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement increment for one complete turn of the thimble on a micrometer screw gauge?

    <p>0.50 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many divisions are on the circular scale of a micrometer screw gauge?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for measuring time?

    <p>Second (s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the pendulum clock's operation?

    <p>It uses gravitational potential energy from a descending mass to keep time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be affected if the ends of the anvil and spindle of a micrometer are not clean?

    <p>The measurement may change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the zero error in a micrometer screw gauge corrected?

    <p>By adjusting the final measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clock began operation in 1999 with an exceptional accuracy of about one second in 20 million years?

    <p>Caesium atomic clock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base metric unit for volume?

    <p>liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prefixes represents one-millionth?

    <p>micro-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor to convert 1 kilometer to meters?

    <p>1000 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dimensional analysis, what must occur to effectively convert units?

    <p>Units must be multiplied by a conversion factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many liters are there in 5200 mL?

    <p>5.2 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the metric unit of mass?

    <p>kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of milli- in terms of metric prefixes?

    <p>kilo-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of converting 3 meters to centimeters?

    <p>300 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physical Quantities

    • Physical quantities can be measured and consist of a magnitude and a unit.
    • Physical quantities are classified into base quantities and derived quantities.
    • Base quantities are like bricks, the basic building blocks.
    • Derived quantities are like a house built from bricks (base quantities).
    • There are seven base quantities.
      • Length
      • Mass
      • Time
      • Electric current
      • Temperature
      • Amount of Substance
      • Luminous intensity

    SI Units

    • SI Units stand for International System of Units.
    • Standard SI units are meter (m), kilogram (kg), and second (s).
    • A derived quantity is a quantity that is derived from one or more base quantities.
    • Area, volume, density, speed, acceleration, force, pressure, work, and power are all examples of derived quantities.

    Prefixes

    • Prefixes simplify the writing of very large or very small quantities.
    • Prefixes can be used to create smaller or larger units from the base unit.
    • For example, a kilometer (km) is 1,000 times larger than a meter (m).

    Measuring Length and Time

    • Accurate measurement is essential in physics.
    • Random errors arise from estimations during measurements.
    • Systematic errors are due to limitations of instruments and environmental conditions.
    • A micrometer screw gauge is used for measuring small lengths, like the thickness of paper or the diameter of fine wires.
    • Time is measured using various units, including years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
    • The SI unit for time is the second (s).

    Caesium Atomic Clock

    • The Caesium atomic clock is a high-precision timekeeping device.
    • It provides extremely accurate time measurements, with an uncertainty of 1.7 × 10−15, or accuracy to about one second in 20 million years.

    Pendulum Clock

    • Pendulum clocks measure long intervals of time like hours, minutes, and seconds.
    • They use the regular oscillation of a pendulum to measure time.
    • The time for one complete oscillation is called the period of the oscillation.

    Common Metric Units (Prefixes)

    • Common metric prefixes include:
      • Mega (M)
      • Kilo (k)
      • Hecto (h)
      • Deka (da or D)
      • Base (m, l, g)
      • Deci (d)
      • Centi (c)
      • Milli (m)
      • Micro (µ)
      • Nano (n)

    Metric Conversion Factors

    • Metric conversion factors make calculating conversions easy.
    • For example:
      • 1 km = 1000 m
      • 100 cm = 1 m
      • 10 mm = 1 cm

    Dimensional Analysis

    • Dimensional analysis is a mathematical way to convert units.
    • It involves multiplying a given value by a conversion factor to obtain the desired unit.
    • For example, to convert 3 meters to centimeters:
      • 3m * (100 cm / 1m) = 300 cm
    • To convert 1516 g to kg:
      • 1516 g * (1 kg / 1000 g) = 1.516 kg

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    Units and Measurements PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of physical quantities and the International System of Units (SI). This quiz covers base and derived quantities, their classifications, and the importance of SI units and prefixes. Test your knowledge on the foundational aspects of measurement in physics.

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